To explore the relationship between tropospheric ozone and radiative forcing with changing emissions, we compiled two sets of global scenarios for the emissions of the ozone precursors methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) up to the year 2030 and implemented them in two global Chemistry Transport Models. The “Current Legisl...

Emission trading in the EU will begin in 2005, covering the least uncertain emission sources of greenhouse gas emission inventories (CO2 from combustion and from selected industrial processes in large installations). If the Kyoto Protocol enters into force, the emission trading covering all gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) and sectors (energy, industry, agriculture, waste, land use, la...

A stratified air mass enriched in methane (CH4) was sampled at ~600m to ~2000m altitude, between the north coast of Norway and Svalbard as part of the Methane in the Arctic: Measurements and Modelling campaign on board the UKˈs BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft. The approach used here, which combines interpretation of multiple tracers with transport modeling, enables better understandin...

The expansion and intensification of agroecosystems worldwide has significantly affected the environment at multiple spatial scales (Matson et al., 1997). Agroecosystem effects on atmospheric constituents have altered local, regional, and global environmental quality through windblown soil (Zhang et al., 2001) and emission of particulate matter, reactive N (e.g., NH3 and NOx), volatile organic ...

There has been an increased interest in alternative housing for laying hens in certain parts of the world, including the United States. Associated with the movement are many questions to be addressed concerning sustainability of such systems. This study continually quantifies concentrations and emissions of ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and particulate matters (PM10 and PM...

[1] We use a 3-D chemical transport model (the GEOS-Chem CTM) to evaluate a global emission inventory for ethane (C2H6), with a best estimate for the global source of 13 Tg yr , 8.0 Tg yr 1 from fossil fuel production, 2.6 Tg yr 1 from biofuel, and 2.4 Tg yr 1 from biomass burning. About 80% of the source is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere. The model generally provides a reasonable and unbia...

Estimates of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants are typically measured by confining animals in large chambers, using head hoods or masks, or by a ratiometric technique involving sampling respired air of the animal. These techniques are not appropriate to evaluate large-scale farm emissions and the variability between farms that may be partly attributed to different farm management. ...

The original report that plants emit methane (CH4 ) under aerobic conditions caused much debate and controversy. Critics questioned experimental techniques, possible mechanisms for CH4 production and the nature of estimating global emissions. Several studies have now confirmed that aerobic CH4 emissions can be detected from plant foliage but the extent of the phenomenon in plants and the precis...

Year-to-year variations in the atmospheric methane (CH4) growth rate show significant correlation with climatic drivers. The second half of 2010 and the first half of 2011 experienced the strongest La Niña since the early 1980s, when global surface networks started monitoring atmospheric CH4 mole fractions. We use these surface measurements, retrievals of column-averaged CH4 mole fractions from...

This study investigated the potential local CH4 sink in various plant parts as a boundary environment of CH4 emission and consumption. By comparing CH4 consumption activities in cultures inoculated with parts from 39 plant species, we observed significantly higher consumption of CH4 associated with aquatic plants than other emergent plant parts such as woody plant leaves, macrophytic marine alg...