The facial artery (FA) normally arises from the external carotid artery (ECA), just above the lingual artery, at the level of greater horn of hyoid bone in the carotid triangle. It then passes obliquely upwards beneath the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles sheltered by the ramus of the mandible lying medial to the bone. Here it passes deep to the superficial part of the subman...

the carotid is a small mass of chemoreceptor's and sustentacular cells that detects changes in the composition of the arterial blood. the aim of the present study was to identify the size, color, location, blood and nerve supply of the carotid body in makouei sheep. fourteen heads of sheep from both sexes were collected from urmia public slaughter-house. the exact situation and nerve supply of ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute thromboembolic stroke complicated by ipsilateral carotid occlusion may present both mechanical and inflow-related barriers to effective intracranial thrombolysis. We sought to review our experience with a novel method of mechanical thrombectomy, in such cases, using the Possis AngioJet system, a rheolytic thrombectomy device. METHODS A review of our interventional...

With the increasing use of invasive diagnostic and interventional procedures in cardiovascular disease, it is important to document and understand the types and frequencies of vascular variations. A sound knowledge of neurovascular variations is important for surgeons who remove cervical lymph nodes, for anesthesiologists, and for vascular surgeons. The external carotid arterial system is a com...

Figure 1: CT image shows the thoracic aorta and supra-aortic trunks seen from anterior (a) and left (b) point of view. The CT measurements are 16 mm for the ascending aorta and 5 mm for the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta. AA: ascending aorta; AoA: aortic arch; IA: innominate artery; LSA: left subclavian artery; LVA: left vertebral artery; RSA: right subclavian artery. Figure 2: MRI s...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of the cerebral vasculature of the pig regarding a revascularization procedure. In two 60 kg pigs the femoral artery was exposed and canulated for selective angiography and interventional procedures. After the angiography, the pigs were brought to the animal OR for craniotomy and analysis of the intracranial cerebral arteries and the surg...

Eagle syndrome is a set of symptoms associated with an elongated styloid process. Although it is an important cause of cerebrovascular complications such as carotid artery dissection (CAD) or thromboembolism, the condition may be underdiagnosed. We treated three patients with CAD caused by an elongated styloid process within a year. The first patient was a 55-year-old man who developed recurren...

A case with infarction in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) due to embolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is rare. We described two cases and investigated the mechanism of the territory of the AChA. Case 1 was a 69-year-old man. Case 2 was a 71-year-old woman. The neurological examination in both cases showed left homonymous hemianopsia, left facial palsy, le...

INTRODUCTION: The biggest challenge faced in minimally invasive pediatric cardiac surgery is cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. Our technique and experience of cervical cannulation in infants and small children for repair of congenital cardiac defects is reported in this study. METHODS: From January 2013 to June 2015, 37 children (22 males) with mean age of 17.97±8.63 months and weight o...

background sphenoid sinus is surrounded by many vital vascular and nervous structures. in more than 20% of patients with chronic sinusitis, involvement of sphenoid sinus has been observed. besides, sphenoid sinus is an appropriate route to access anterior and middle cranial fossa in surgery. therefore, it is important to have an adequate knowledge about the contents of sphenoid sinus and its pr...