OBJECT Maintenance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation in the brain is of major importance for patient outcome in various clinical conditions. The authors assessed local autoregulation after "asymptomatic" cortical vein occlusion. METHODS In Wistar rats, a single cortical vein was occluded photochemically by using rose bengal and fiberoptic illumination. In rats with bilateral carotid...

A 59-year-old woman presented with a rare middle fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) unrelated to the cavernous sinus manifesting only as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed shunts between the meningeal branches of both the internal and external carotid arteries and the sphenobasal sinus. The AVF drained into the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) which had a varix and an ana...

The internal jugular vein exits the skull and continues its course, within the carotid sheath, beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle in a posterolateral approximation to the carotid artery. The jugular bulb is the dilated portion of the jugular vein just below the base of the skull and is the preferred site for blood sampling (see Figure 1). Although blood in the jugular bulb is derived from b...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute bilateral jugular vein compression on: (1) pial artery pulsation (cc-TQ); (2) cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV); (3) peripheral blood pressure; and (4) possible relations between mentioned parameters. METHODS Experiments were performed on a group of 32 healthy 19-30 years old male subjects. cc-TQ and the subarachnoid width (sas...

Background and Purpose: We have previously reported a model of cerebral hydrodynamics in the form of an equivalent electrical circuit. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that the model could predict venous flow patterns seen in the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and jugular vein in normal volunteers. Methods: An electrical equivalence model of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and cerebr...

Venous thrombophilia is the result of clotting changes namely of a hypercoagulable state together with blood flow and vessel wall changes. There is no need for all these components to be present in order for thrombosis to occur. As the matter of fact, thrombosis may occur even if only one of these conditions is present. In clinical practice a combination of factors is usualy seen. In comparison...

Aneurysm of a pulmonary vein is a rare vascular anomaly that is usually discovered incidentally as a pulmonary nodule or mediastinal mass. Most patients do not have any symptoms but some patients can present with dyspnea, hemoptysis, or cerebral thromboembolism. Proper diagnosis is crucial as to avoid unnecessary testing or surgical procedures. We highlight a case of an asymptomatic 59-year-old...

OBJECTIVE To determine if chronic cerebral venous insufficiency exists in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using ultrasonography and 4-dimensional color Doppler ultrasonography examination and unverified criteria proposed by Zamboni et al. DESIGN Patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome were matched by age and sex with subjects with migraine or no neurological disease. All subje...

Women taking oral contraceptives have an increased risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (Inman & Vessey 1968). The incidence of superficial vein thrombosis is increased (Royal College of General Practitioners, 1967), and idiopathic cerebral vein thrombosis may occur in these patients (Atkinson, Fairburn & Heathfield, 1970). It might be expected therefore that the visce...

The blood vascular bed of the rat pineal gland was reproduced through a low viscosity methacrylate casting medium and observed with a scanning electron microscope. The pineal gland was located in front of the confluens sinuum which was formed by the confluence of the left and right transverse sinuses and the superior sagittal and great cerebral veins. The pineal gland was found to contain a ric...