Tropical orchids constitute the greater part of orchid diversity, but little is known about their obligate mycorrhizal relationships. The specificity of these interactions and associated fungal distributions could influence orchid distributions and diversity. We investigated the mycorrhizal specificity of the tropical epiphytic orchid Ionopsis utricularioides across an extensive geographical ra...

Despite advances owing to molecular approaches, several hurdles still obstruct the identification of fungi forming orchid mycorrhizas. The Tulasnellaceae exhibit accelerated evolution of the nuclear ribosomal operon, causing most standard primers to fail in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) trials. Insufficient sequences are available from well characterized isolates and fruitbodies. Lastly, taxo...

Boreal forests contain an estimated 28% of the world’s soil carbon, and currently act as a significant global carbon sink. Plant-derived lignocellulose is a major component of soil carbon, and its decomposition is dependent on soil bacteria and fungi. In order to predict the fate of this soil carbon and its potential feedbacks to climate change, the identities, activity, and interactions of soi...

Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, the conventional model of unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux is too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant C transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% of plant ...

To study the mechanisms of inducible disease resistance in conifers, changes in transcript accumulation in roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings exposed to the root rot pathogen Ceratobasidium bicorne Erikss. and Ryv. (anamorph: Rhizoctonia sp.) were monitored by differential display (DD). Because C. bicorne attacks root tips, a desiccation treatment was added to exclude ge...

Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease affecting many crops, including hops. This study aims to describe fungal and bacterial populations associated with bulk rhizosphere soils in hop field cultivated Slovenia the Celeia variety, which highly susceptible nonalfalfae. As both healthy diseased plants coexist same field, we focused this on detection of putative differences microbial communitie...

Abstract Biochar has been considered an effective approach as soil amendment for decreasing incidences of disease and regulating microbial populations in continuous-cropping soil. Although researches have extensively focused on changes microbes unbalance nutrition soil, the relationship between properties pathogens by biochar application remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied ITS ...

The d i s s i p a t i o n o f mechanical energy i n g l a s s e s of t h e " f a s t ion conductor" type (AgI-AgP03, AgI-Ap,B02 and AgC1-CsI) has been s t u d i e d us ing a Rheovibron mechanical ana lyze r i n t h e temperature range -190 t o 200°C. I n most cases a s i n g l e l o s s peak a t low temperature is found f o r fixed-frequency scans . The peak temperature almost co inc ides wi th...