This is the first study that investigates the seasonal variability of nitrate (NO3) radicals in the marine boundary layer over the East Mediterranean Sea. An extensive data set of NO3 radical observations on the north coast of Crete for more than two years (June 2001–September 2003) is presented here. NO3 radicals follow a distinct seasonal dependency with the highest seasonally average mixing ...

We investigate the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on Antarctic climate, paying particular attention to the question of whether eddy parameterizations in the ocean fundamentally alter the results. This is accomplished by contrasting two versions of the Community Climate System Model (version 3.5), one at 0.1◦ ocean and sea ice resolution and the other at 1◦ with parameterized ocean eddi...

An ecosystem modelling approach was used to understand and assess the Mediterranean marine ecosystem structure and function as a whole. In particular, 2 food web models for the 1950s and 2000s were built to investigate: (1) the main structural and functional characteristics of the Mediterranean food web during these 2 time periods; (2) the key species/functional groups and interactions; (3) the...

Climate change is altering the functioning of ecosystems and species distribution worldwide, with negative impacts on human activities, including fisheries. The Adriatic Sea an extremely productive area for fisheries, due to strong outflow nutrients from rivers periodic mixing Mediterranean. However, also a semi-closed basin, where do not have ability move higher latitudes avoid warming waters....

Significant changes in the overturning circulation of the Mediterranean Sea has been observed during the last few decades, the most prominent phenomena being the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) in the early 1990s and the Western Mediterranean Transition (WMT) during the mid-2000s. During both of these events unusually large amounts of deep water were formed, and in the case of the EMT, th...

The Mediterranean Sea is home to numerous species of jellyfish, both native and invasive. Some of these jellyfish, which here include pelagic cnidarians, ctenophores and salps, have been monitored for centuries, while others are rarely sampled or studied. In addition, particular species of jellyfish are of high public interest due to impacts on tourism and other human activities, yet others may...

In summertime, eastern China experiences severe ozone pollution. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), as the primary natural source of tropospheric ozone, may have a non-negligible contribution to ground-level ozone. Rossby wave breaking (RWB) is leading mechanism that triggers STT, which can be categorized anticyclonic breakings (AWBs) and cyclonic (CWBs). This study uses an objective ...

Biological productivity in many ocean regions is controlled by the availability of the nutrient phosphorus. In the Mediterranean Sea, aerosol deposition is a key source of phosphorus and understanding its composition is critical for determining its potential bioavailability. Aerosol phosphorus was investigated in European and North African air masses using phosphorus near-edge X-ray fluorescenc...

Atmospheric circulation leaves few direct traces in the geological record, making reconstructions of this crucial element of the climate system inherently difficult. We produced a regional Mediterranean synthesis of paleo-proxy data from the sea surface to alpine altitudes. This provides a detailed observational context for change in the three-dimensional structure of atmospheric circulation be...