Mutualistic relationships between plants and their pollinators have played a major role in the evolution of biodiversity. While the vulnerability of these relationships to environmental change is a major concern, studies often lack a framework for predicting impacts from emerging threats (e.g. biological invasions). The objective of this study was to determine the reliance of Platanthera ciliar...

The continuing clearance of native vegetation for pasture, and especially cropping, is a concern due to declines in soil organic C (SOC) and N, deteriorating soil health, and adverse environment impact such as increased emissions of major greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O and CH4). There is a need to quantify the rates of SOC and N budget changes, and the impact on greenhouse gas emissions from land u...

Cymbopogon citratus, better known as lemongrass, is a plant commonly used for culinary purposes. It is known to contain the compound citronellal, which is responsible for the lemon-scent of many of the plants of the genus Cymbopogon. A chloroform extract of Cymbopogon citratus was screened to determine its free radical scavenging activities. Three different methods were used to test the antioxi...

Fiduciary law is highly instructive about the limits of what may be agreed to by physician-researchers and sponsor drug companies when their agreements implicate the interests of patients who volunteer as subjects in clinical trials. On October 26, 2001, the Report of the Committee of Inquiry on the Case Involving Dr. Nancy Olivieri, the Hospital for Sick Children, the University of Toronto and...

The distribution of benthic Foraminifera throughout the coastal waters of Taman Negara Pulau Pinang (Penang National Park), Malaysia was studied to assess the impact of various anthropogenic activities, such as fishing, ecotourism and floating cage culture. Samples were obtained at 200 m intervals within the subtidal zone, extending up to 1200 m offshore at Teluk Bahang, Teluk Aling, Teluk Keta...

the Relationships Between Metabolites and Biological Activities Yukiko Nakamura, Farit Mochamad Afendi, Aziza Kawsar Parvin, Naoaki Ono, Ken Tanaka, Aki Hirai Morita, Tetsuo Sato, Tadao Sugiura, Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin and Shigehiko Kanaya* Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, 630-0192 Japan Biopharmaca Research Center...

BACKGROUND Animal welfare should be prioritized not only for the animal's life sustainability but also for supporting the sustainability of living organism's life on the earth. However, Indonesian people have not understood it yet, thereby still treating animals arbitrarily and not appreciating either domesticated or wild animals. AIM This research aimed to analyze the zoo agent's action in a...

INTRODUCTION We were interested to determine the participation rates for health screening in a multi-ethnic urban low-income community. We assessed the health screening rates at baseline, collected data on reasons for non-participation and assessed the impact that a 5-month intervention had on health screening in this community. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population involved all resident...

This paper will discuss the algorithm to be implemented in the simulation of traffic flow system with the presence of the intelligent vehicles inside a microscopic traffic flow. This is possible with the introduction of the Behavior Sector to set various driving behavior of the virtual intelligent vehicles. The Behavior Sector consists of five different units, which are Route and Destination, V...