Two groups of teeth, one of which contained teeth of known age, were examined by scanning electron microscopy to ascertain the presence of a potential pathway for leakage at the root ends of apicected teeth. At a point approximately 3 mm from the apex, a level chosen as being typical for apicectomy, and half-way between the root canal and the dentine-cementum junction, there were found to be, o...

Abstract Effective wildlife management requires an understanding of the factors affecting population vital rates. Age at primiparity can be important determinant growth Thus, influencing age in wild populations is for their and conservation. American black bears ( Ursus americanus ) are widely distributed North America show considerable variation across range. We tested hypotheses regarding top...

Dating of the tetracycline biomarker in a tooth section of a black bear (Ursus americanus) can be accomplished by noting its position relative to that of the cementum annuli which indicate age. However, annuli and biomarkers are best demonstrated by different laboratory techniques. The technique used for the biomarker, calcified sections examined using epi-fluorescence microscopy, does not clea...