Some useful features of microstrip patch antennas are low profile, low weight and easy fabrication. However this type of antenna suffers from having a low gain, caused by propagation surface waves. In this paper, a new near zero refractive index metamaterial (MTM) unit cell is designed and fabricated as a superstrate over a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas (RMPA). In order to obtain a maxi...

objective: amorphous calcium phosphate (acp) is a reactive solution capable of releasing calcium and phosphate ions, conversion to apatite and remineralization of mineral tooth structure. this study reviews acp structure, its properties and its applications in dentistry.   methods: in this review study, keywords including “amorphous calcium phosphate”, “mineralization”, “hydroxyapatite”, “casei...

7.1 The Structure and Role of Biomembranes 7.2 Investigation of Biological Membranes by SFM 7.3 Na,K-ATPase 7.3.1 Structure 7.3.2 Isolation 7.3.3 Crystallization 7.4 Sample Preparation for SFM 7.4.1 Binding of Membrane Fragments onto Mica Surface 7.4.2 Removal of Surface Contaminations 7.4.3 Manipulation of Surface Properties 7.4.4 Water Cell 7.5 Imaging Techniques 7.5.1 Tip-Sample Interactions...