We study the compression driven magnetic reconnection in the relativistic electron-positron plasma. Making use of a 2.5D particle-in-cell code, we simulated compression of a magnetized plasma layer containing a current sheet within it. We found that the particle spectrum within the reconnecting sheet becomes nonthermal; it could be approximated by a power-law distribution with an index of -1 an...

We describe the performance of an apparatus consisting of a cell containing a Pd sheet loaded with D2 in gas phase coupled to a high resolution Q-mass spectrometer. The loading ratio α = D/Pd is increased by applying a constant electric field along the Pd sheet, α is carefully measured by means of the electric resistance variation and of the thermodynamic parameters. In one experiment a signal ...

Regenerative medicine would be the most exciting area in the recent scientific topics. In the history of human gene therapy, the severe combined immunodeficiency caused by the absence of adenosine deaminase (SCID-ADA) was the first monogenic disorder for which gene therapy was developed in 1990. Over 30 patients have been treated worldwide using the current protocols, and recent trials provided...

Deformations of cell sheets are ubiquitous in early animal development, often arising from a complex and poorly understood interplay of cell shape changes, division, and migration. Here, we explore perhaps the simplest example of cell sheet folding: the "inversion" process of the algal genus Volvox, during which spherical embryos turn themselves inside out through a process hypothesized to aris...

The restoration of the degenerated articular cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is still a challenge for researchers and clinicians. Drug interventions and surgical treatments have been widely attempted for cartilage regeneration in OA. However, the results were largely unsatisfactory. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (M...

shadow loss, and the sheet resistance and absorption losses associated with planar layers that facilitate lateral carrier transport to the grid fi ngers. [ 22,23 ] For high effi ciency silicon heterojunction (HIT) solar cells, contact design requires a trade-off between grid fi nger resistance and the sheet resistance and transmission losses of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO)/ amorphous ...