Background: Many physical and mechanical phenomena occur during the acupuncture and tuina regime, and pressure is one of the most basic mechanical phenomena. Objectives: To understand the cellular bio-physical mechanism of basic mechanical stimulation via acupuncture and tuina by investigating the effect of different in vitro pressures on the cel...

The mechanical response of cells is a powerful biophysical marker for cell state. Information on a cell’s elasticity can, for instance, be used to distinguish between different cell phenotypes, or between healthy and diseased cells. Depending on the application, either the accuracy or the speed at which cell properties can be accessed is more important. However, it is still difficult, as of thi...

Cellular expansive growth is one of the foundations of morphogenesis. In plant and fungal cells, expansive growth is ultimately determined by manipulating the mechanics of the cell wall. Therefore, theoretical and biophysical descriptions of cellular growth processes focus on mathematical models of cell wall biomechanical responses to tensile stresses, produced by the turgor pressure. To captur...

behavior with learning and memory. Each chapter is designed with the student in mind. Essential vocabulary lines pages, detailed images are abundant, and the text is comprehensive yet receptive. Every chapter ends with a short piece called “The Cutting Edge” that spotlights research on a topic discussed in the section providing readers with not only a better understanding of research in the fie...

Transmission of mechanical force is crucial for normal cell development and functioning. However, the process of mechanotransduction cannot be studied in isolation from cell mechanics. Thus, in order to understand how cells 'feel', we must first understand how they deform and recover from physical perturbations. Owing to its versatility, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a popular tool t...

Cells generate and sustain mechanical forces within their environment as part of their normal physiology. They are active materials that can detect mechanical stimulation by the activation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and respond to physical cues through cytoskeletal re-organization and force generation. Genetic mutations and pathogens that disrupt the cytoskeletal architecture can r...

Living tissues undergo deformation during morphogenesis. In this process, cells generate mechanical forces that drive the coordinated cell motion and shape changes. Recent advances in experimental and theoretical techniques have enabled in situ measurement of the mechanical forces, but the characterization of mechanical properties that determine how these forces quantitatively affect tissue def...

Mechanical interactions between individual cells and their substrate have been studied extensively over the past decade; however, understanding how these interactions change as cells interact with neighboring cells in the development of a cell sheet, or early stage tissue, is less developed. We use a recently developed experimental technique for quantifying the mechanics of confluent cell sheet...

Abstract Mechanical aspects play an important role in brain development, function, and disease. Therefore, continuum-mechanics-based computational models are a valuable tool to advance our understanding of mechanics-related physiological pathological processes the brain. Currently, mainly phenomenological material used predict behavior tissue numerically. The model parameters often lack physica...

Since early publications in the late 1980s and 1990s, finite volume method has been shown suitable for solid mechanics analyses. At present, there are several flavours of method, which can be classified a variety ways, such as grid arrangement (cell-centred vs. staggered vertex-centred), solution algorithm (implicit explicit), stabilisation strategy (Rhie–Chow Jameson–Schmidt–Turkel Godunov upw...