BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe problem among soldiers with combating experience difficult to treat. The pathogenesis is still not fully understood at the psychological level. Therefore, genetic research became a focus of interest. The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may help to predict, which persons are at high risk to develop PTSD as a sta...

Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury has been a major source of concern during the past decades and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been successfully used to prevent this injury. There have been some controversial reports about the involvement of KATP channels in the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors. In this study, we examined the effect of KATP channel bl...

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is considered to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteinuria is declared as the most marked risk factor in progression towards ESRD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline for reduction of proteinuria in type II diabetic patients. Methods: From May 2007 to June 2008, this randomized clinical trial study w...

Chemokines displayed on the luminal surface of blood vessels play pivotal roles in inflammatory and homeostatic leukocyte trafficking in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying the functional regulation of chemokines on the endothelial cell surface remain ill-defined. A promiscuous chemokine receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), has been implicated in the regulation of ch...

The novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, is a highly contagious viral disease associated with acute, severe respiratory syndrome, which based on the development of pronounced thrombo-inflammatory syndrome. As number patients COVID-19 increased, heart damage has been reported, especially in and critical COVID-19. This review describes role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor regulation en...

Blockage of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as an effective approach to the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Today, it is possible to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II (AT-II) more specifically by blocking its receptors by using nonpeptide receptor antagonists. AT-II-receptor antagonists were developed as agents that would more completely block...

Currently immunotherapy is becoming a fairly effective approach in the fight against various forms of malignant neoplasms. This due to discovery and use clinical practice immune checkpoint inhibitors, which antitumoral effect associated with blockage signaling pathways CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4), PD-1 (programmed cell death 1), PD-L1 ligand 1).
 The physiological role points...

Introduction TDP-43 proteinopathy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients is recently emerging as a relevant pathomolecular event that may have been overlooked. Recent results immortalized lymphocytes from AD shown not only an increase of post-translational modifications TDP-43, such hyperphosphorylation and fragmentation, but also its prionic behaviour cell-to-cell transmission. With the main goa...