In mammalian cells, phospholipase D activity is tightly regulated by diverse cellular signals, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Multiple signaling pathways converge upon phospholipase D to modulate cellular actions, such as cell growth, shape, and secretion. We examined the kinetics of protein kinase C and G-protein regulation of mammalian phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in or...

Examination of the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis, by acid proteinases, of a single peptide bond (between p-nitro-L-phenylalanyl and L-phenylalanyl) in a series of oligopeptides has shown that secondary interactions are important factors in determining the catalytic efficiency. Comparison of the action of highly purified pepsinlike enzymes (Rhizopus proteinase, Mucor proteinase, rennin) ...

In mammalian cells, phospholipase D activity is tightly regulated by diverse cellular signals including hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Multiple signaling pathways converge upon phospholipase D to modulate cellular actions such as cell growth, shape and secretion. We examined the kinetics of protein kinase C and G-protein regulation of mammalian phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in order...

A series of novel isatin-linked 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-4,5-dihydrothiazole-2-thiols (IT2Ts) 1a–1g were designed as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors capable interacting with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic (PAS) enzyme simultaneously. The target IT2Ts prepared through a short synthesis in moderate yield. most potent this 1b 1c (IC50 = 18.2 27.5 μM, respectivel...

Like any other precipitation process, in supercritical water hydrothermal synthesis (SWHS), the need to improve product quality and minimize production cost requires understanding and optimization of Particle Size Distribution (PSD). In this work, using Population Balance Equation (PBE) containing nucleation and growth terms, the reactive precipitation of zirconia nanoparticles prepared by ...

Lanthipeptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs) that typically harbor multiple intramolecular thioether linkages. For class II lanthipeptides, these cross-links are installed in a multistep reaction pathway by a single enzyme (LanM). The multifunctional nature of LanMs and the manipulability of their genetically encoded pep...

Multi-scale process modeling is very appealing methodology for process optimization since it highlights certain issues that remain unexplored with conventional methodologies and debottlenecks certain potentialities that remain unexploited in chemical plants. In this work, a kinetic model with 2400 reactions and 140 species is implemented in a proper reactor network to characterize the thermal f...

Ion channels are membrane-bound enzymes whose catalytic sites are ion-conducting pores that open and close (gate) in response to specific environmental stimuli. Ion channels are important contributors to cell signaling and homeostasis. Our current understanding of gating is the product of 60 plus years of voltage-clamp recording augmented by intervention in the form of environmental, chemical, ...

Microkinetic modeling of surface chemical reactions still relies heavily on the mean-field based rate equation approach. This approach is expected to be most accurate for systems without appreciable lateral interactions among the adsorbed chemicals, and there in particular for the uniform adlayers resulting in poisoned regimes with predominant coverage of one species. Using first-principles kin...

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a major refinery process designed to upgrade heavy and less valuable petroleum products to gasoline and lighter products. The feedstock for the FCC process ranges from light gas oils to heavy hydro-treated resids. The complexity of the feedstock, and the associated analytical chemistry and computational obstacles, helped shape early FCC modeling approaches (2.3...