In order to resolve the data leakage cases in transactions using Cash on Delivery (COD) systems, which is governed by Law Number 8 of 1999 Consumer Protection and 11 2008 Information Electronic Transactions, this study aimed identify legal protections for consumers operators e-commerce platforms analyse solution cases. Empirical typologies gleaned from primary secondary sources were used study....

Digital wallet (e-wallet) is one of the digital financial products. E-wallet considered as a more effective non-cash payment alternative. Electronic money generally stored in wallets for easy access. With current trend that offer benefits, convenience and effectiveness student transactions, it will be easier students to spend their so affect consumptive behavior. The objectives this study inclu...

The paper combines a simple monetary overlapping generations model with a simple abstract spatial structure, to produce a model that focuses on the effect of the distribution of cash balances on real and nominal variables, both across the economy, and over time. The model is then used to study the effects of a monetary shock. The economy is endowed with a spatial structure in the form of a Cayl...

This paper provides new perspectives on USA landlord–tenant contracting, where technical change is creating scale economies in farming and farm enlargements, and results that are important to the sustainability of land use and environmental quality. We develop a conceptual model of landlord–tenant contracting that emphasizes minimizing transactions costs and setting incentives for effort when t...

Pharmacy managers face unique challenges when it comes to the proper management of inventory, with balancing inventory levels that satisfy patients’ needs while minimizing costs the primary goal. This goal is not met when inventory is managed without careful planning and analysis – for example, just ordering substantial quantities of each formulary medication in an institutional setting. While ...

A common method of valuing the equity in leveraged transactions is the flows-toequity method whereby the free cash flow available to equity holders is discounted at the cost of equity. This method uses a standard definition of equity free cash flow, but the cost of equity varies over time as leverage varies. Various formulas can be used to calculate the time-varying cost of equity, most of whic...

Pharmacy managers face unique challenges when it comes to the proper management of inventory, with balancing inventory levels that satisfy patients’ needs while minimizing costs the primary goal. This goal is not met when inventory is managed without careful planning and analysis – for example, just ordering substantial quantities of each formulary medication in an institutional setting. While ...

This paper analyzes the financing terms that support international trade and sheds light on how these terms shape the impact of economic shocks on trade. Analysis of transaction-level data from a U.S.-based exporter of frozen and refrigerated food products, primarily poultry, reveals broad patterns about the use of alternative financing terms. These patterns help discipline a model in which the...

The recent surge in popularity of e-commerce prompted a lot of activity in the area of electronic payments. Solutions have been developed for cash, credit card and check-based electronic transactions. Much less attention has been paid to non-monetary commerce such as barter. In this paper we discuss the notion of \secure group barter" or multi-party fair exchange. We develop a classiication of ...

This paper reviews the desirable properties and security features of electronic commerce systems and the problems that are unique to electronic cash. We will then examine two older micropayment systems, describing the desirable properties that they achieve. Finally, we will present a new micropayment system for electronic commerce introduced by Silvio Micali and Ronald Rivest, including the dig...