the principle of “non-retractable agreement between contractual and non-contractual responsibility” is a traditional rule in the french law and countries adapting the french law of harmony and homogeneity; this rule means that if the claim for petition is based on the mistake, i.e., if it was meant to be based on contractual liability, rather than liability enforced in accordance with establish...

for decades, the approach of legal systems towards private arbitration in competition law has been characterized by a certain mistrust or suspicion. initially, this attitude may somehow have been linked to the uncertainty as to the arbitrability of competition law issues, in view of the fact that, in competition law matters generally, public interests are heavily at stake. in fact arbitration i...

The power function is treated as the law relating response time to practice trials. However, the evidence for a power law is flawed, because it is based on averaged data. We report a survey that assessed the form of the practice function for individual learners and learning conditions in paradigms that have shaped theories of skill acquisition. We fit power and exponential functions to 40 sets ...

Ontologies in a legal expert system must be processed to suit all possible user cases within the field of law of the system. From the logical premises of a deductive system of express rules of law, legal ontologies may be implied to encompass the combinatorial explosion of possible cases that may lack one or more of the express antecedents in the deductive rule system. Express ontologies in ind...

in their to implement international treaties – as the most important source of international law – member states are likely to face two questions: 1. as regards the interpretation of the concerned treaty, with whom does the competency and jurisdiction rest an international judicial authority or specific authorities of the member state? in the latter case, which authority will enjoy such compete...

This article considers the implications of assisted outpatient commitment laws (OPC), with specific focus on New York's "Kendra's Law" through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ). In this article, the author offers perspectives on the relationship between involuntary civil commitment, outpatient commitment, and the concept of the "least restrictive alternative"; considers pertinent empir...

article 963 of the civil code considers the personal and financial relations of spouses who are not the nationals of the same government as subject to the concerned government of husband. in the first glance, primitive emergence of this article also includes an iranian woman who has married a foreign man and considers her as subject to the law of the concerned government of her foreign husband....