Nanoparticles classified in 4 overall groups containing: Metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are used in some biomedical applications such as carrying medicine and photographing agents. With attention to different criteria which are both qualitative and quantitative, selecting the most suitable nanoparticles...

Nanoparticles classified in 4 overall groups containing: Metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are used in some biomedical applications such as carrying medicine and photographing agents. With attention to different criteria which are both qualitative and quantitative, selecting the most suitable nanoparticles...

Themultilevel lot-sizing (MLLS) problem is a key production planning problem inmaterials requirements planning (MRP) system. The MLLS problem deals with determining the production lot-sizes of various items appearing in the product structure over a given finite planning horizon to minimize the production cost, the inventory carrying cost, the back ordering cost and etc. This paper proposed a pa...

Dependent session types allow us to describe not only properties of the I/O behavior of processes but also of the exchanged data. In this paper we show how to exploit dependent session types to express proof-carrying communication. We further introduce two modal operators into the type theory to provide detailed control about how much information is communicated: one based on traditional proof ...

It has been recognized that a framework based on proofcarrying code (also called semantic-based software certification in its community) could be used as a candidate software certification process for the avionics industry. To meet this goal, tools in the “trust base” of a proof-carrying code system must be qualified by regulatory authorities. A family of semantic-based software certification a...

Using confidential firm level data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on activities of U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) and their Canadian affiliates, we study the dramatic growth of intra-firm and arms-length U.S.-Canada trade over the 1984-1995 period. We find that the increase in trade occurred almost entirely on the intensive rather than the extensive margin. That is, MNC pare...

Current approaches to mobile code safety—inspired by the technique of Proof-Carrying Code (PCC) [4]—associate safety information (in the form of a certifícate) to programs. The certifícate (or proof) is created by the code supplier at compile time, and packaged along with the untrusted code. The consumer who receives the code+certiñcate package can then run a checker which, by a straightforward...

In a Proof-Carrying Code scenario, certificate generation remains a challenging problem. Typically, it is implemented as a compiler module that targets low-level executable code. Hence, since automatic, the properties under verification are limited to very simple safety policies. Discharging verification conditions automatically for arbitrarily complex properties is unfeasible. Therefore, it re...

We study the problem of data propagation in sensor networks, comprised of a large number of very small and low-cost nodes, capable of sensing, communicating and computing. The distributed co-operation of such nodes may lead to the accomplishment of large sensing tasks, having useful applications in practice. We present a new protocol for data propagation that avoids flooding by probabilisticall...

Whilst it can be highly desirable for software agents to engage in auctions, they are normally restricted to trading within known auctions, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the auction rules within an e-commerce system. To allow for agents to deal with previously unseen protocols, we present a proof-carrying code approach using Coq wherein auction protocols can be specified and desira...