BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is formed in the liver from trimethylamine (TMA), a product exclusively generated by the gut microbiota from dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine. An alternative pathway of TMAO formation from carnitine is via the microbiota-dependent intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but littl...

BACKGROUND Although great progress has been made in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI), it still has high incidence and poor prognosis. The present study was performed in order to further understand the metabolomic changes of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI and the protective effect of L-carnitine on AKI. METHODS Kidney tissues and serum samples were collected ...

L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) are both used to improve mitochondrial function. Although it has been argued that ALC is better than l-carnitine in absorption and activity, there has been no experiment to compare the two compounds at the same dose. In the present experiment, the effects of ALC and L-carnitine on the levels of free, acyl, and total L-carnitine in plasma and brain, rat a...

1. The optical rotatory dispersion of carnitine acetyltransferase is altered in the presence of l-carnitine or acetyl-l-carnitine. These changes, which include an increase in the reduced mean residue rotation at 233nm. ([M'](233)), suggest that substrate binding causes the enzyme to unfold. 2. CoA and acetyl-CoA have no immediate effect on [M'](233) and CoA has no effect on the change in this p...

The effects of different combinations dietary lipid, L-carnitine and L-lysine on the growth performance fatty acid profiles larval grouper Epinephalus lanceolatus were evaluated. Eight treatment diets formulated based a 2x2x2 factorial design, namely 5 14% oil mixture (3:1 fish oil/soybean oil), 0 0.5% 2.83% L-lysine. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups ten 0.08g E. larvae for ...

fore, data were pooled across experiments (12 pens/trt). ADG, ADFI, and G:F for the 38-d study were: 394, 398, 370, and 391 g; 566, 567, 536, and 540 g; and .696, .703, .690, and .725, respectively. Pigs fed SBO tended (P<0.10) to grow slower and consume less feed compared to those not fed SBO, but G:F was not affected (P>0.10). The addition of L-carnitine did not affect (P>0.10) ADG or ADFI; h...

The purpose of this study was to characterize the mitochondrial carnitine octanoyltransferase of beef heart. Carnitine acyltransferase activities were solubilized from isolated beef heart mitochondria using KC1 and the nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, at final concentrations of 1 M and 2%, respectively. Upon fractionation of the solubilized protein on Cibacron Blue Sepharose, two protein peaks...

introduction carnitine has several roles in lipid oxidation, immunomodulation function and enhancing antibody responses. l-carnitine has been found to exhibit immunomodulatory effects. it enhances serum primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) and subsequent humoral immunity using 100 mg l-carnitine/ kg diet compared with control group in leghorn chickens (deng et al., 2006). i...