Increasingly complex metabolic pathways have been engineered by modifying natural pathways and establishing de novo pathways with enzymes from a variety of organisms. Here we apply retro-biosynthetic screening to a modular pathway design to identify a redox neutral, theoretically high yielding route to a branched C6 alcohol. Enzymes capable of converting natural E. coli metabolites into 4-methy...

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(11)H(12)O(2), the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and the dimers are linked together by π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.8310 (13) Å] and C-H⋯O bonds.

supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co2) was used as solvent to synthesize oleyl oleate as an analog of jojoba oil from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol with high conversion (100%) of the acid into ester in a short time of 100 min. utilizing a low cost solid catalyst, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (ptsa), the esterification reaction was performed, without any prior preparation step, in a flow mod...

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(6)ClNO(2), can be described by two types of crossed layers which are parallel to (110) and (10). The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional network and reinforcing the cohesion of the structure.

THE TITLE COMPOUND (TRADE NAME: quinclorac), C(10)H(5)Cl(2)NO(2), was crystallized from a dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Quinclorac mol-ecules are packed mainly via π-π stacking inter-actions between neighbouring heterocycles (interplanar distance: 3.31 Å) and via O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding.

Reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives might be expected to lead either to aldehydes or alcohols, functional groups having a lower oxidation state of the carboxyl carbon. that carboxylic acids themselves are reduced to alcohols by lithium aluminum hydride. At this point it will be useful to consider three kinds of reductions: (i) catalytic hydrogenation (ii) complex metal hydride reductions ...

Cephalosporin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) obtained from Kluyvera citrophila ATCC 21285 was found to catalyze synthesis of 7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-trifluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid from methyl thienylacetate and dl-7-amino-3-trifluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. The enzymatically-synthesized compound showed [alpha]25 D + 42.7 degrees (c 0.058, MeOH) and its biological activity was ...

In the dimeric title compound, [Zn(2)(C(14)H(9)O(4))(4)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)], the Zn(II) ions are penta-coordinated by one 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand and by three O atoms from three 2'-carboxyl-atobiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid ligands. Two of the 2'-carboxyl-atobiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid ligands act as bridging ligands and, together with two zinc(II) cations, produce an 18-membered ring system. The remai...

This paper will introduce dihydrazides, a relatively obscure class of curing agents useful in virtually all thermoset resin systems. First described in 1958, by Wear, et al. dihydrazides are useful curing agents for epoxy resins, chain extenders for polyurethanes, and excellent crosslinking agents for acrylics. In one-part epoxy systems, depending on the backbone chain of the chosen dihydrazide...