One-hundred-and-three isolates of Bacteroides ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. xylanisolvens were recovered from cow, goat, human, and pig fecal enrichments with cellulose or xylan/pectin. Isolates were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), and phenotypic microarrays. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed high sequence ...

To examine the impact of homozygous genetic disruption of IRS-1 (IRS-1-/-) or IRS-2 (IRS-2-/-) on basal and insulin stimulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo we infused 18-h fasted mice (WT, IRS1-/and IRS2-/-) with [3-3H]glucose and [H5]glycerol and assessed rates of glucose and glycerol turnover under basal (0-90 min) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (90-210 min; 5 mM glucose a...

Gut microbiota is a determining factor in human physiological functions and health. It is commonly accepted that diet has a major influence on the gut microbial community, however, the effects of diet is not fully understood. The typical Mongolian diet is characterized by high and frequent consumption of fermented dairy products and red meat, and low level of carbohydrates. In this study, the g...

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important swine and human pathogen that causes global economic and public health problems. Virulent S. suis strains successfully maintain high bacterial concentrations in host blood and rapidly adapt to challenging environments within hosts. Successful survival in hosts is a major factor influencing the pathogenesis of SS2. We have previously identified...

BACKGROUND The cardioprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and analogs have been previously reported. We tested the hypothesis that albiglutide, a novel long half-life analog of GLP-1, may protect the heart against I/R injury by increasing carbohydrate utilization and improving cardiac energetic efficiency. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with albig...

Cortisol markedly suppressed in vitro utilization of uridine-3 H by corticoid-sensitive mouse lymphoma P1798 cells. Corticoid-resistant cells were not affected. Inhibition did not depend on reduced uptake of exogenous carbohydrate precursors since similar effects were obtained in glucose-free, pyruvate-free medium. Omission of glucose and pyruvate per se did not influence uridine-3H uptake and ...

Cortisol markedly suppressed in vitro utilization of uridine-3 H by corticoid-sensitive mouse lymphoma P1798 cells. Corticoid-resistant cells were not affected. Inhibition did not depend on reduced uptake of exogenous carbohydrate precursors since similar effects were obtained in glucose-free, pyruvate-free medium. Omission of glucose and pyruvate per se did not influence uridine-3H uptake and ...

Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Microbacterium sp. strain Alg239_V18, an actinobacterium retrieved from the marine sponge Spongia sp. Genome annotation revealed a vast gene repertoire involved in antibiotic and heavy metal-resistance, and a versatile carbohydrate assimilation metabolism with potential for chitin utilization.

Utilization of carbohydrate by the diabetic patient probably differs only quantitatively from that of the normal subject. Many factors which influence carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects (for example, exercise, emotional disturbances, infections, and the nature of the preceding diet) do likewise in diabetic patients. Any measure which affects the tolerance of the normal subject for carboh...

The aim of feed formulation in aquaculture is to supply a suitable diet that provides nutritional requirements at relatively low cost. Carbohydrates are the most economic energy source for animals compared to protein and lipid; however, fish have limited capacity for dietary carbohydrate utilization. Trivalent chromium is an essential micronutrient for carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates. Th...