Parkinson's disease is a degenerative process involving the loss of over 70–80% of the dopaminergic neurons in the substan-tia nigra [1]. This results in progressive yet variable loss of freedom of movement , dexterity, mechanical ability, and often cognitive capacity. It afflicts people in various periods of their lives; it can devastate the careers and lives of young patients and incapacitate...

Sir: Dopamine agonists, such as carbidopa-levodopa, have utility in alleviating symptoms of movement disorders , e.g., parkinsonism, and can reduce distressing movement disturbances arising from a variety of other conditions , e.g., restless legs syndrome, and tremor arising from head injury. We report a case illustrating that utilization of a dopamine agonist can precipitate tics in a patient ...

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by 3 cardinal motor symptoms: resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Since its introduction 40 years ago, levodopa has represented the gold standard for dopaminergic stimulation therapy in patients with PD. Levodopa is routinely combined with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI) to prevent the conversion of levodopa into...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms PD result from death dopamine-generating cells in region mid brain and dopamine precursor levodopa (L-Dopa) used for treatment. Carbidopa (Car) administered association with L-Dopa pharmaceutical formulation as an inhibitor on decarboxylase activity. Thus, their simultaneous determination great...

Six Parkinsonian patients on long term levodopa therapy complained of short-lived deterioration of Parkinsonian symptoms immediately after levodopa intake. After withdrawal of the drug overnight, and following an oral challenge with levodopa/carbidopa (250/25) in all six cases, and with subcutaneous apomorphine (3 mg) in two, deterioration below base line levels of disability were observed whic...