Bian and Dickey (1996) developed a robust Bayesian estimator for the vector of regression coefficients using a Cauchy-type g-prior. This estimator is an adaptive weighted average of the least squares estimator and the prior location, and is of great robustness with respect to flat-tailed sample distribution. In this paper, we introduce the robust Bayesian estimator to the estimation of the Capi...

Futures on fresh farmed salmon traded at the Fish Pool market in Norway are analyzed context of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and a corresponding three-factor model where contracts separated based their maturities. Looking into 1 month; 6 months 12 contracts, we find that all alphas most betas statistically insignificant. We conclude CAPM equilibrium condition holds Salmon futures prices m...

A balance sheet structure including fixed assets, net working capital and risky long-term debt leads to a model for option pricing of the firm’s equity. Each of the financial components constitutes a source of risk. A hedge based on three distinct options and the stock enables risk neutral valuation and avoids the problems of lack of tradability of the assets and market incompleteness reflected...

In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), beta coefficient is a very important parameter to be estimated. The most commonly used estimating methods are the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and some Robust Regression Techniques (RRT). However, these traditional methods make strong as sumptions which are unrealistic. In addition, The OLS method is very sensitive to extreme observations, while the RR...

Many studies on asset pricing have highlighted the importance of downside risk, in line with actual losses investors. In addition, capital model (CAPM), although presented as a universal theory, may provide significantly different rates return bull and bear markets. Using CAPM under conditions could be regarded an alternative measurement valuation approach to risk. This paper investigates conve...

In this paper, we discuss the paradigm shift in bank capital from the “gone concern” to the “going concern” mindset. We then propose a methodology for pricing a product of this shift called Contingent Capital Notes (“CoCos”). The Merton Model can determine a price for credit risk by using the firm’s equity value as a call option on those assets. Our pricing methodology for CoCos also uses the c...

This article analyzes a dynamic general equilibrium under a generalization of Merton’s (1987) investor recognition hypothesis. A class of informationally constrained investors is assumed to implement only a particular trading strategy. The model implies that, all else being equal, a risk premium on a less visible stock need not be higher than that on a more visible stock with a lower volatility...

The duo of Fama and French is most famous for their 1992 and 1993 papers documenting strong historical value and size effects. (Fama is also famous – or infamous, depending on your perspective – for his association with the efficient market hypothesis.) The core observation of Fama and French’s seminal papers was that the returns on small-company and value stocks – those with high book-to-marke...

In the financial world, importance of “downside risk” and “higher moments” has been emphasized, predominantly in developing countries such as Pakistan, for a substantial period. Consequently, this study tests four models suitable capital asset pricing model. These are CAPM’s beta, beta replaced by skewness (gamma), with gamma, downside CAPM (DCAPM), gamma. The problems high correlation between ...