T HE PENETRATION of capillary walls by water and dissolved substances appears to take place solely by processes which require no energy transformations on the part of the capillary endothelial cells. The rate of net fluid movement across the capillary wall has been shown to be simply proportional to the difference between hydrostatic and osmotic forces acting across the capillary membranes (I, ...

In geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), the buoyant CO2 plume eventually accumulates under the caprock. Due to interfacial tension between the CO2 phase and the water phase, a capillary transition zone develops in the plume. This zone contains supercritical CO2 as well as water with dissolved CO2. Under the plume, a diffusive boundary layer forms. We study how cross-flow between the capi...

"Vascular" artifacts can have substantial effects on human cerebral blood flow values calculated by using arterial spin tagging approaches. One vascular artifact arises from the contribution of "tagged" arterial water spins to the observed change in brain water MR signal. This artifact can be reduced if large bipolar gradients are used to "crush" the MR signal from moving arterial water spins. ...

T HE PENETRATION of capillary walls by water and dissolved substances appears to take place solely by processes which require no energy transformations on the part of the capillary endothelial cells. The rate of net fluid movement across the capillary wall has been shown to be simply proportional to the difference between hydrostatic and osmotic forces acting across the capillary membranes (I, ...

Designed experiments based on a simplex mixture design were employed to explore the effects of three solvent components (water, formic acid, and aqueous acetic acid), extraction time, and extraction temperature for the automated microextraction of basic (cationic) dyes from acrylic fibers. Extractions were conducted by an automated liquid handling system, and dye extraction was evaluated using ...

This paper describes the results of a proof of concept effort for development of a Nautilus Centripetal Capillary Condenser (NCCC or NC) used for microgravity compatible water recovery from moist air with integral passive phase separation. Removal of liquid condensate from the air stream exiting a condenser is readily performed here on Earth. In order to perform this function in space however, ...

We report experimental results which show that the interfacial deformation around glass particles (radius, 200-300 microm) at an oil-water (or air-water) interface is dominated by an electric force, rather than by gravity. It turns out that this force, called for brevity "electrodipping," is independent of the electrolyte concentration in the water phase. The force is greater for oil-water than...

Osmotic transient responses in organ weight after changes in perfusate osmolarity have implied steric hindrance to small-molecule transcapillary exchange, but tracer methods do not. We obtained osmotic weight transient data in isolated, Ringer-perfused rabbit hearts with NaCl, urea, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and albumin and analyzed the data with a new anatomically and physicochemica...

In nature, jumping out of water is a behaviour commonly observed in aquatic species to either escape from predators or hunt prey. However, not all aquatic species are capable of jumping out, especially small organisms whose length scales are comparable to the capillary length (approx. 2.7 mm for water). Some aquatic animals smaller than the capillary length are able to jump out while others are...