traumatic brain injury (tbi) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of tbi. microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) released by microglia. in ...

human mesenchymal stem cells (hmscs), which also called mesenchymal stromal cells, are multipotent stem cell. human mscs typically are positive for the surface markers cd44, cd73, cd90, cd105, cd106, and also negative for hematopoietic markers cd34 and cd45.these cells can be isolated from postnatal bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, and scalp tissue, as well as from various fetal tissues. ...

recent findings in stem cell biology have opened a new window in regenerative medicine. the endometrium possesses mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) called endometrial stem cells (enscs) having specific regenerative properties linked to adult stem cells. they contribute in tissue remodeling and engineering and were shown to have immuno-modulating effects. many clinical trials were undertaken to asce...

stem cells are self-renewing cells that can be differentiated into other cell types. conventional in vitro models for studying stem cells differentiation are usually preformed in two-dimensional (2d) cultures. the design of three-dimensional (3d) in vitro models which ideally are supposed to mimic the in vivo stem cells microenvironment is potentially useful for inducing stem cell derived tissu...

background: periodontal ligament stem cells (pdlscs) are considered as a type of mesenchymal stem cell that is beneficial target for numerous clinical applications in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy. materials and methods: this study examined the effects of dexamethasone (dex) on human pdlscs in vitro. pdlscs obtained from the roots of patient’s teeth were cultured with dex (0.01 μm), a...

in this present study, we examined the differentiation potential of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hbmscs) into hepatocytes on a three-dimentional (3d) nanofibrous scaffold formed by poly (ε-caprolactone) (pcl), collagen and polyethersulfone (pes). the nanofiber was prepared by the electrospining technique. hbmscs were isolated using combining gradient density centrifugation ...

There is an increasing evidence supporting the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Normal stem cells in the adult organism are responsible for tissue renewal and repair of aged or damaged tissue. A substantial characteristic of stem cells is their ability for self-renewal without loss of proliferation capacity with each cell division. The stem cells are immortal, and rather resistant to action of drug...

mesenchymal stem cells (mscs),as the major stem cells for cell therapy, have been studied from different aspects in pre-clinical and clinical settings for more than a decade. these cells modulate the immune system (humoral and cellular immune responses) in vitro by producing soluble factors (anti-inflammatory molecules) and/or making cell-cell contacts. hence they could be used in regenerative ...