array of antihemostatic chemicals (Ribeiro, 1987, 1995), including anticlotting, antiplatelet and vasodilatory substances. Interestingly, the solutions found by each arthropod species to counteract each aspect of their host hemostasis are very different, perhaps as a result of evolutionary convergence. For example, vasodilators found in the saliva or salivary homogenates of such animals include...

We define a new class of ordered sets, called free triangle orders. These are ordered sets represented by a left-to-right ordering on geometric objects contained in a horizontal strip in the plane. The objects are called “free triangles,” and have one vertex on each of the two boundaries of the strip and one vertex in its interior. These ordered sets generalize the classes of trapezoid and tria...

Serotonin 5-HT 2C receptors belong to the 5-HT 2 family, which includes 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2B receptors. All three share similarities in their molecular structure, pharmacology, and signal transduction pathways (Barnes and Sharp 1999; Hoyer et al. 1994). Initially named 5-HT 1C, based on the conventions for naming serotonin receptors at the time of its discovery, it was later renamed 5-HT 2C rece...

Xyloplax janetae n. sp. is described from the northeast Pacific Ocean. This is the third species recognized for the monogeneric Concentricycloidea. Skeletal structures are elaborated by scanning electron microscopy and compared with those of Xyloplax niedusiformis from New Zealand and Xyloplax turnerae from the Bahamas. Critical-point-dried specimens show fibrous connective tissue emerging from...

Simulating the correct evolution of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), also often referred to as the stable boundary layer, is a challenge for any numerical model, since the NBL is influenced by a variety of sub-grid scale phenomena (Lenschow et al. 1988). These phenomena include propagating gravity waves, stationary waves that are fixed with respect to the terrain, Kelvin-Helmholtz waves, and...

Understanding rates and patterns of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide change is important for understanding RNA structure/function relationships ( Brimacombe et al. 1986; Stem et al. 1988), for predicting higher-order rRNA tertiary and RNAprotein interactions (Zuker and Stiegler 198 1; Freier et al. 1986 ), for studies of rRNA molecular evolution (Gerbi 1985; Gutell et al. 1985; Rousset et al. 19...

—Because peak abundance of larval gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum occurs simultaneously with the midsummer decline of macrozooplankton in Ohio reservoirs, we hypothesized that zooplanktivory by larval gizzard shad caused this decline. To test this hypothesis, we compared larval food consumption with zooplankton productivity in two reservoirs. Larval gizzard shad began to influence zooplankton ...

Recent studies have shown that cognitive factors such as spatial and feature-based attention, learning, and task-switching can change the extent to which the trial-to-trial variability in the responses of neurons in sensory cortex is shared between pairs of neurons (for review, see Cohen and Kohn, 2011). Global cognitive factors related to concentration, motivation, effort, arousal, or alertnes...

The rhythmic heart beat is regulated by a precisely timed sequence of pacemaking impulses that propagate through the cardiac conduction system (Tawara, 1906; Goldenberg and Rothberger, 1936; Bozler, 1942; Fig. 1A). Pacemaking impulses are periodically generated at the sinoatrial node and spread through atrial myocytes initiating contraction of both atrial chambers. The electrical excitation is ...