since the semantic field of the term “torture” in the international law is taken into consideration, this research does not enter into the domain of the internal law; and approaches only the views of international law. by examining the international documents and jurisprudence of the courts, this hypothesis is studied that despite of the presence of the prevailing standard about the appreciatio...

Knowledge in the legal domain assumes two distinct forms: case law and legislation. Case law complements legislation, and refers to the use of cases decided in court to provide interpretations to subjective aspects of the legislation. These cases are used as guidance in future similar cases. This paper presents a Case-Based Reasoning system that establishes legal case-bases, allowing the users ...

The forthcoming DSM edition (DSM 5) will be published in May, 2013. Drafts that have been made available up to the present have launched several controversies. One of them is a possible diagnosis inflation that would generate an epidemic of false positive cases. The case of the proposed «Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome» is an important example, but others like the «Mild Neurocognitive Disorder» o...

The Nigerian judicial process is unacceptably slow and expensive. We established that efforts so far taken to expedite the judicial process which include front loading processes and opening up of more courts are more tactical than strategic. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the strategic capability to expedite the judicial process when properly introduced and effectively manag...

The Judicial System collects huge amounts of data which, unfortunately, are not turned into useful information for effective decision making. Decision support system can now use advanced technologies such as On-line analytical processing and data mining to deliver advanced capabilities that ensure efficiency. In this work we developed online analytical processing and data mining model in analys...

This paper studies the impact of judicial reform in Mexico. It does so using a survey about crime victimization and perceptions of insecurity (Encuesta Nacional Sobre la Inseguridad, ENSI) from 2005, 2008, and 2009 in eleven Mexican cities, three of which implemented the reform in 2007 and 2008. It shows judicial reform reduces victimization but also lowers perceptions of security. These result...

This paper presents an application of the Carneades Argumentation System to case-law. The application relies on a set of ontologies – representing the core and domain concepts of a restricted legal field, the law of contracts – and a collection of precedents taken from Italian courts of different grades. The knowledge base represents the starting point for the construction of rules representing...

An efficient indexing of past solutions is crucial to case-based design (CBD) systems performing complex retrieval on large case-bases. This paper suggests a hybrid approach to the indexing and retrieval of design precedents. The suggested approach accounts for the issues of classification manifested in architectural discussions on type and CBD literature. The indexing scheme integrates descrip...

The concept of "human rights in patient care" refers to the application of human rights principles to the context of patient care. It provides a principled alternative to the growing discourse of "patients' rights" that has evolved in response to widespread and severe human rights violations in health settings. Unlike "patients' rights," which is rooted in a consumer framework, this concept der...

A four-county Indiana survey of the vast majority (approximately 90%) of the attorneys and public agency caseworkers involved in court actions on child abuse cases revealed considerable conflict over each other's role. The survey replicated the method used in previous research, which had yielded distinctly positive and negative results. The author discusses particularities of the four-county ar...