Theorists have long believed that Dutch auctions are strategically equivalent to standard sealed bidding. However, recently in controlled experiments with actual Dutch and sealed bid Internet auctions of collectables, the Dutch auctions produced significantly more revenue. We believe that this happened, in part, because the Internet Dutch auctions are a slow process in which bidders incur incre...

A new formulation (NF) of subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β-1a was developed in an attempt to improve injection tolerability and immunogenicity. We compared antiviral and IFNβ-stimulated gene (ISG) activities of IFNβ-1a sc NF with IFNβ-1a sc original formulation and IFNβ-1b sc. When equivalent unit amounts were compared, the IFNβ formulations demonstrated similar antiviral activity and induc...

Using both two orbital and five orbital models, we investigate the quasiparticle interference QPI patterns in the superconducting SC state of iron-based superconductors. We compare the results for nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities in sign-changed s-wave cos kx · cos ky and sign-unchanged cos kx · cos ky SC states. While the patterns strongly depend on the chosen band structure details, the se...

The molecular mechanisms underlying the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer remain unclear. Using in vivo metastatic models, this study attempted to clarify the role of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in the development of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. HIF-1α knockdown (KD) cells were established in the scirrhous gastric cancer cell line 58As9. Using KD and control (SC) c...

Mouse colorectal cancer (CRC) models generated by orthotopic microinjection of human CRC cell lines reproduce the pattern of lymphatic, haematological and transcoelomic spread but generate low metastatic efficiency. Our aim was to develop a new strategy that could increase the metastatic efficiency of these models. We used subcutaneous implantation of the human CRC cell lines HCT116 or SW48 pri...

maceutical industry for production of fine drug particles with narrow size distribution, separation of active ingredients and preparation of microemulsions and sustained drug delivery systems. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is a very popular fluid for pharmaceutical applications, as it is nontoxic, non-flammable and of low cost. Furthermore, because of its low critical temperature and pr...