In order to reduce the risk of complete failure, research managers often adopt a parallel strategy by simultaneously funding several R&D activities and several research teams within each activity. The parallel strategy requires the allocation of an available budget to a number of R&D activities, the determination of the number of research teams within each activity and the amount of funding the...

The Besley-Coate model of representative democracy has the problem of multiple equilibria (Besley-Coate, 1997). We show that requiring the Besley-Coate political equilibria to be iteratively undominated at the voting stage re nes the set of (pure strategy) political equilibrium outcomes only for those cases where at least four candidates stand for election. This note complements the results of ...

In our previous paper [1], we proposed empirical calibration of p-values as a strategy for mitigating risk of systematic error when estimating average treatment effects from observational studies. By estimating the effect of exposure on outcomes across a collection of settings where the exposure is not believed to cause the outcome (negative controls), one can estimate an empirical null distrib...

OBJECTIVE We propose a novel calibration strategy to facilitate the decoding of covert somatosensory attention by exploring the oscillatory dynamics induced by tactile sensation. METHODS It was hypothesized that the similarity of the oscillatory pattern between stimulation sensation (SS, real sensation) and somatosensory attentional orientation (SAO) provides a way to decode covert somatic at...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism demands flexible decision models, both for the presence of clinical confounders and for the variability of local diagnostic resources. As Bayesian networks fully meet this requirement, Bayes Pulmonary embolism Assisted Diagnosis (BayPAD), a probabilistic expert systems focused on pulmonary embolism, was developed. METHODS To quantitatively valida...

For multiprimary displays, color within the interior of the gamut can be reproduced with several different control values, a situation that is in contrast with the three primary scenario, where the control values are unique. For a given color, the selection of the control values, or color calibration, becomes a fundamental step for color rendition on multiprimary devices. Because spatially smoo...

with rapid changes in the business environment, organizations are increasingly looking at human resources as a unique asset that can provide sustained competitive advantage. as much as, people are viewed among the most important resources to firms, hr strategy would be central to achieve competitive advantages .firms should view hr strategy as an important tool for integrating competencies insi...

Background: The key challenge is how to encourage and retain health professionals in their work location. There is a list of policy options for this purpose but applying an appropriate and effective set of strategies requires a country level research. Our study aimed to identify retention strategies for neurosurgeons and examine both the importance and feasibility of the identified strategies u...

As countries around the world struggle to provide oncology care and treatment to their populations, nurses, as the largest healthcare workforce, are faced with the challenge of obtaining, maintaining, and developing specialized oncology nursing knowledge and expertise. Strategies that can be deployed at a local level to support nurses with integrating new knowledge into practice are important i...