Sample size calculation formulas for testing equality, noninferiority, superiority, and equivalence based on odds ratio were derived under both parallel and one-arm crossover designs. An example concerning the study of odds ratio between a test compound (treatment) and a standard therapy (control) for prevention of relapse in subjects with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is presented...

We report the first observation of B → ηX transitions with high momentum η mesons. We observe 39.0 ± 11.6 B decay events with 2.0 < pη′ < 2.7 GeV/c, the high momentum region where background from b → c processes is suppressed. We discuss the physical interpretation of the signal, including the possibility that it is due to b → sg transitions. Given that interpretation, we find B(B → ηXs) = (6.2...

In this paper, we propose a new physical synthesis methodology, PDL, which relaxes the timing constraints to obtain best optimality in terms of layout quality and timing quality. It provides a common database for delay calculation, logic optimization, placement, and routing tools so that they can work and interact closely. We present results on industrial circuits showing the efficacy of this m...

This paper discusses a statistical effect of performance optimization to uncertainty in circuit delay. Performance optimization has an effect of balancing the delay of each path in a circuit, i.e. the delay of long paths are shortened and the delay of short paths are lengthened. In these path-balanced circuits, the uncertainty in circuit delay, which are caused by delay calculation error, manuf...

According to our present understanding many J/c production processes proceed through a colored cc̄ state followed by the emission of soft particles in the quarkonium rest frame. The kinematic effect of soft particle emission is usually a higher-order effect in the non-relativistic expansion, but becomes important near the kinematic end point of quarkonium energy ~momentum! distributions. In an i...

One-sample and two-sample t-tests are commonly used in analyzing data from clinical trials in comparing mean responses from two drug products. During the planning stage of a clinical study, a crucial step is the sample size calculation, i.e., the determination of the number of subjects (patients) needed to achieve a desired power (e.g., 80%) for detecting a clinically meaningful difference in t...

We discuss new results in QCD obtained with string-based methods. These methods were originally derived from superstring theory and are significantly more efficient than conventional Feynman rules. This technology was a key ingredient in the first calculation of the one-loop five-gluon amplitude. We also present a conjecture for a particular one-loop helicity amplitude with an arbitrary number ...

Simulation of gate circuits is an efficient method of detecting hazards and oscillations that may occur in the presence of gate and wire delays. Ternary simulation, introduced by Eichelberger in 1965, consists of two algorithms, called A and B, and its results are well understood. Ternary simulation has been generalized by Brzozowski and Ésik in 2003 to an infinite algebra C and finite algebras...

Eric Postma Computer Science, Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands In this paper, we question the necessity of levels of expert-guided abstraction in learning hard, statistically neutral classification tasks. We focus on two tasks, date calculation and parity-12, that are claimed to require intermediate levels of abstraction that must be defined by a human expert. We challenge this claim by...

The googly amplitudes in gauge theory are computed by using the off shell MHV vertices with the newly proposed rules of Cachazo, Svrcek and Witten. The result is in agreement with the previously well-known results. In particular we also obtain a simple result for the all negative but one positive helicity amplitude when one of the external line is off shell.