Long-term exposure to cadmium may cause kidney and bone damage. Urinary cadmium is commonly used as the dose estimate for the body burden of cadmium. However, elevated levels of cadmium in the urine may reflect not only high levels of cadmium dose but also renal dysfunction. In this study we used blood cadmium as the dose estimate. In addition, we analyzed blood lead. We examined 479 men and 54...

c-Myc is frequently overexpressed in tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of cancer metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1), the master regulator of the hypoxic response, enhances tumorigenesis and influences metabolism via upregulation of the glycolytic pathway and suppression of mitochondrial respiration. Together, deregulated Myc and HIF1 cooperate to lend metabolic adv...

The cellular response to hypoxia is characterised by a switch in the transcriptional program, mediated predominantly by the hypoxia inducible factor family of transcription factors (HIF). Regulation of HIF1 is primarily controlled by post-translational modification of the HIF1α subunit, which can alter its stability and/or activity. This study identifies an unanticipated role for the X-linked i...

BACKGROUND We have recently shown that biomarker levels of selected metals are higher in Asians than in other U.S. ethnic groups, with important differences within selected Asian subgroups. Much of this difference may be dietary in origin; however, this is not well established. OBJECTIVE We evaluated dietary intake of toxic metals as a source of increased biomarker levels of metals among U.S....

BACKGROUND About half of all US states have cigarette minimum price laws (MPLs) that require a per cent mark-up on prices, but research suggests they may not be very effective in raising prices. An alternative type of MPL sets a floor price below which packs cannot be sold, and may be more promising. This new type of MPL policy has only been implemented in 1 city, therefore its benefits relativ...

Concentration and daily intake (DI) of heavy metals [lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu)] were investigated in four common edible vegetables including coriander, dill, radish root and radish leaf grown at peri-urban sites in Sanandaj, Iran. A total of 120 composite samples of vegetables were taken from ten vegetable farms during six months from May to October 2012. Inductivel...

Background: To examine the relative contributions of dietary fat intake level and its food sources and assisted reproduction parameters. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 240 infertile women. In assisted reproduction treatment cycle, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), calorie intake, fat consumption and major food sources were assessed. The number of retrie...

The effects of electrically-induced heart rate (up to 300 beats/min.) on coronary flow and cardiac oxygen consumption has been studied in an openchested intact preparation. A significant correlation between heart rate, coronary flow and cardiac oxygen consumption has been found at each level of cardiac work. Coronary flow and cardiac oxygen consumption increase with a rise in heart rate and see...