I present a framework of banking in which banks’ main role is to monitor their borrowers. Within this framework I analyze the benefits of diversification and the threats of systemic risk and inter-bank competition. Diversification improves banks’ monitoring incentives. High systemic risk not only hampers banks’ monitoring incentives, but also makes diversification less effective. I also show th...

This paper examines the development of a Functional Model which will provide a unique framework to enable the objective identification, comparison and appraisal of procurement systems globally. The paper illustrates how the use of existing classification criteria for building procurement systems (CIB 1991) is uninformative in the context of an international investigation, since account is not t...

Currently, literature on organizational boundaries is at the center of a heated debate, characterized by a shift from a transactional approach to a broader immaterial perspective centered on the concept of boundless organizations. However, the overestimation of the effects of contemporary dematerialization on business processes can lead to the progressive neglect of the existence of corporate b...

This paper proposes a hybrid approach to the problem of collision avoidance for indoor mobile robots. The DWA (short for: model-based dynamic window approach) integrates sensor data from various sensors with information extracted from a map of the environment, to generate collision-free motion. A novel integration rule ensures that with high likelihood, the robot avoids collisions with obstacle...

According to the ANSI/SPARC architecture, external schemas are derived from the database conceptual schema. In object-oriented databases (OODBs), an external schema may include classes defined in the conceptual schema just as it may also contain derived classes which are directly or indirectly defined on the basis of conceptual schema classes. In the definition of derived classes in OODBs three...

the purpose of this study is estimation of daily value at risk (var) for total index of tehran stock exchange using parametric, nonparametric and semi-parametric approaches. conditional and unconditional coverage backtesting are used for evaluating the accuracy of calculated var and also to compare the performance of mentioned approaches. in most cases, based on backtesting statistics results, ...