Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) have complex thermal management requirements not present in conventional vehicles. In addition to cabin conditioning, the energy storage system (ESS) and power electronics and electric motor (PEEM) subsystems also require thermal management. Many current-generation EDVs utilize separate cooling systems, adding both weight and volume, and lack abundant waste heat f...

projection display, is a room-sized, five-screen system that can display both computer graphics and video images. Several Cabins connected via a broadband network form the Cabinet system. Cabinet includes video avatars—a key new technology for sharing virtual worlds. Using video avatars, we have experimentally evaluated the ability to express positional information between distant users. I mmer...

OBJECTIVE This paper reviews secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diseases and symptoms of the upper airway, including the sinuses. Risks to flight attendants, who were occupationally exposed until smoking was banned on all flights, are emphasised. DATA SOURCES A systematic database search was conducted; the US Surgeon General's reports and other major reviews were evaluated. Literature summar...

INTRODUCTION Technology advanced rapidly during the 20th Century. One hundred years ago, 17 Dec. 1903, the Wright Brothers fl ew the world’s fi rst powered aircraft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. It was a fl ight of 37 m (120 ft) that lasted 12 sec at a maximum speed of 16 kmph (10 mph). Forty-four years later Chuck Yeager would break the sound barrier — Mach 1 at 1086 kmph (675 mph). Twenty-tw...

Editor—The General Medical Council recently held a “stakeholders’ conference” on the revalidation of doctors, at which participants reportedly went along with the educationally improbable proposition that formative assessments (“appraisals”) can be summated to provide robust formal revalidation decisions: “five satisfactory appraisals equals revalidation.” Now, reminiscent of the Vatican’s 17th...

in this paper, the methodology of aircraft air distribution system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. to achieve that, ducting pressure loss and air flow throw gaspers calculations has been done for cabin ducts in according to exact location of individual air distribution system in the cabin. the length of gasper air flow was compared with the distance between gasper outlet and...

The middle ear pressure variation is one of the most important factors that causes discomfort on flight passengers and crew. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of the middle ear cavity pressure variation during typical flight’s conditions. The middle ear cavity was modeled as a gas chamber that transfer gas to other physiological systems trough three different ways. One...

This paper sets out to explore the experiences of men in non-traditional occupations. In particular it focuses on the dynamics of career entry, career orientation (i.e. preference for intrinsic or extrinsic rewards) and the possible existence, nature and consequences of ‘role strain’. Four occupational groups are examined: nurses, cabin crew, librarians and primary school teachers. Results sugg...

In this paper, a modified cost function is proposed in order to achieve themaximumnoise attenuation using a set of secondary sources for a harmonically excited sound field. The modified cost function drives the error signal to the optimally attenuated sound field instead of minimizing the squared pressure. Moreover, changing the value to which the error signals must be driven allows change of t...