Both glucose ingestion and NH(4)Cl acidosis have been reported to augment urinary calcium (U(Ca) V) and magnesium (U(Mg) V) excretion. Both also cause acidification of the urine and an increase in renal acid excretion. To examine whether a common mechanism of action was involved, the effects of glucose ingestion and NH(4)Cl acidosis on U(Ca) V and U(Mg) V were tested in the same subjects. Gluco...

The ionic contents, pH and osmolality of seminal plasma and their relationships to sperm motility indices (sperm motility duration and percentage of motile sperm) were evaluated in bester. Semen was collected from six bester specimens and their seminal plasma was evaluated. The seminal plasma contained 54.5±2.8 mM sodium, 22.33±2.5 mM chloride, 7.1±1.2 mM potassium, 3.55±0.6 mM calcium and 0.58...

Bestrophins are a newly discovered family of Cl(-) channels, some members of which are activated by intracellular Ca(2+). So far, all studies were carried out with whole-cell recordings from plasmid-transfected cultured cells, so it is unclear whether Ca(2+) activates bestrophin through a metabolic mechanism or in a more direct way. We report here experiments that addressed this question with e...

In pancreatic acinar cells Ca(2+)-dependent secretagogues promote the fusion of zymogen granules (ZG) with the apical plasma membrane (PM) and exocytosis of digestive enzymes. In addition to exocytotic fusion complexes between SNARE proteins in the ZG membrane (ZGM) and the apical PM, enzyme secretion elicited by Ca(2+)-dependent secretagogues requires cytosolic Cl and K+ and is inhibited by bl...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether cycled lighting (CL) conditions during neonatal care in very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestational age [GA]) decrease crying and fussing behavior, improve the consolidation of sleep, and influence activity behavior at 5 and 11 weeks' postterm corrected age (CA) compared with preterm infants cared for in dim lighting (DL) conditions. METHODS Thirty-seven preterm ...

The chloride ion, Cl(-), is an essential cofactor for oxygen evolution of photosystem II (PSII) and is closely associated with the Mn(4)Ca cluster. Its detailed location and function have not been identified, however. We substituted Cl(-) with a bromide ion (Br(-)) or an iodide ion (I(-)) in PSII and analyzed the crystal structures of PSII with Br(-) and I(-) substitutions. Substitution of Cl(-...

The effect of a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was analyzed in isolated rat olfactory neurons using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Intracellular dialysis of 1 mmol l(-)(1) Ca(2+) in a standard-K(+), low-Cl(-) internal solution (E(Cl)=-69 mV) from the patch pipette into the olfactory neurons induced a sustained outward current of 49+/-5 pA (N=13) at -50 mV in all the cells exami...

I I I Cl Cl Clin in inic ica a a Me Me Medi di d ca ca ca, Sa Sa Sapi pi pien en enza z , , U U Univ v ver er ersi si sity ty ty o of f f Ro Ro ome me me, , It It Ital a y y Abstract: Background—Statins exert an antithrombotic effect in patients at risk of or with acute

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of bleaching agents on sound enamel (SE) and enamel with early artificial caries lesions (CL) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Eighty blocks (4 x 5 x 5 mm) of bovine enamel were used and half of them were submitted to a pH cycling model to induce CL. Eight experimental groups were obtained from the treatments and mineralization level ...

Identification of detailed features of neuronal systems is an important challenge in the biosciences today. Transduction of an odor into an electrical signal occurs in the membranes of the cilia. The Cl(Ca) channels that reside in the ciliary membrane are activated by calcium, allow a depolarizing efflux of Cl(-) and are thought to amplify the electrical signal to the brain.In this paper, a mat...