BACKGROUND In many plant species, pollination syndromes predict the most effective pollinator. However, other floral visitors may also offer effective pollination services and promote mixed pollination systems. Several species of the species-rich Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) exhibit a suite of floral traits that suggest adaptation for pollination by both hymenopterans and hummingbirds. Transition...

carnation (dianthus caryophyllus l.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world. themajority of thecarnation cultivars are sensitive to ethylene which affected the physiological and biochemical postharvest characteristics of these flowers.applying inhibitors of biosynthesis and action of ethylene is important factor to protect the display quality and extend postharvest life. in order...

FAO promotes Sustainable Production Intensification (SPI), which consists of a technology menu for optimizing crop production per unit area, taking into consideration the range of sustainability aspects including potential and/or real social, political, economic and environmental impacts. The author suggests that Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) cropping is not only well aligned to SPI but a...

abstract- chrysanthemum (dendranthema grandiflorum) is one of the most important ornamental plants used as cut flower, flowering pot plant and groundcover worldwide. in this research, the effects of preservative solutions containing thymol (75 and 125 mg -l), menthol (75 and 125 mg l-1) and eugenol (75 and 125 mg l-1) on the quality and vase-life of chrysanthemum cut flowers at 3±1ºc and 75-80%...