carnation is considered as the world's third most important cut flower. tissue culture techniques offer suitable method for micropropagation of this ornamental plant. however, one of the problems during in vitro culture of carnation is vitrification. ratio of ammonium to nitrate and agar concentrations in the medium affect this phenomenon. therefore, in this study the effect of these factors on...

The polarographic or voltammetric behaviour of a selected group of tetra-alkyl ammonium halides and related compounds in liquid sulphur dioxide was investigated, using a stationary disk platinum indicating micro-electrode and a silver/silver-bromide reference electrode withcompensation for the IR drop of the solution. The electrochemical oxidation-reduction patterns are characteristic of the na...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Iodide efflux from thyroid cells into the follicular lumen is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, however, the pathways mediating this transport have only been partially identified. A calcium-activated pathway of iodide efflux has long been recognized, but its molecular identity unknown. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and this stu...

nitrate and ammonium ions are the two major forms of nitrogen that taken up by plants, but they differ in their effects on growth and chemical composition of biochemical levels. in this research we examined the effect of nitrogen sources on growth and senescence of rice leaves in biochemical levels. our results showed that amounts of fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll, rate of hill,s reac...

UNLABELLED The sodium (Na+)/iodide (I-)-symporter (NIS) is abundantly expressed and accumulates iodide in thyroid follicular cells. The NIS is also found in extrathyroidal tissues, particularly gastric mucosa. Controversies exist on the localization of extrathyroidal NIS. We have studied the presence of both NIS peptide and NIS messenger RNA (mRNA) in the digestive tract and thyroid from differ...

Hypothyroidism from iodide transport deficiency is a rare disease, especially when found in two affected siblings. Treatment with high doses of iodide has been recommended, but no long term results have been reported. Two siblings with congenital hypothyroidism due to total failure to transport iodide have been followed up during twelve and a half years of treatment with oral potassium iodide. ...

Increased ammonium (NH(4)(+)/NH(3)) in the brain is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, which involves altered glutamatergic neurotransmission. In glial cell cultures and brain slices, glutamate uptake either decreases or increases following acute ammonium exposure but the factors responsible for the opposing effects are unknown. Excitatory amino acid transpor...

Numerous amperometric biosensors have been developed for the fast analysis of neurotoxic insecticides based on inhibition of cholinesterase (AChE). The analytical signal is quantified by the oxidation of the thiocholine that is produced enzymatically by the hydrolysis of the acetylthiocholine pseudosubstrate. The pseudosubstrate is a cation and it is associated with chloride or iodide as corres...

Lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) catalysed the oxidation of NADH by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of either thiocyanate, iodide or bromide. In the presence of thiocyanate, net oxidation of thiocyanate occurred simultaneously with the oxidation of NADH, but in the presence of iodide or bromide, only the oxidation of NADH occurred to a significant extent. In the presence of thiocyanate or bromid...