Electronic aggression, or cyberbullying, is a relatively new phenomenon. As such, consistency in how the construct is defined and operationalized has not yet been achieved, inhibiting a thorough understanding of the construct and how it relates to developmental outcomes. In a series of two studies, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFAs and CFAs respectively) were used to examine wh...

PURPOSE Four forms of school bullying behaviors among US adolescents and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, parental support, and friends were examined. METHODS Data were obtained from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2005 Survey, a nationally representative sample of grades 6-10 (N = 7,182). The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to mea...

BACKGROUND Bullying and victimization are widespread phenomena in childhood and can have a serious impact on well-being. Children from families with a low socioeconomic background have an increased risk of this behaviour, but it is unknown whether socioeconomic status (SES) of school neighbourhoods is also related to bullying behaviour. Furthermore, as previous bullying research mainly focused ...

1. It is well recognised that non-indigenous species (NIS) can affect native communities via the ‘spillover’ of introduced parasites. However, two other potentially important processes, the ‘spillback’ of native parasites from a competent NIS host, where the latter acts as a reservoir leading to amplified infection in native hosts, and the ‘dilution’ of parasitism by a NIS host acting as a sink...

This study focuses on the formation of bullied individuals’ friendships and romantic relationships. Individuals in their past may be more likely to form connections with those who share similar oppressive experiences. Thus, we investigated possibility that implicit homophily underlies interpersonal relationships among previously individuals. Moreover, whether these individuals were aware friend...