Phylogeographic analyses can yield valuable insights into the geographic and historical contexts of contact and hybridization between taxa. Two species of char (Salmonidae), Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (S. confluentus) have largely parapatric distributions in watersheds of northwestern North America. They are, however, sympatric in several localities and hybridization and som...

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury is a common condition in the emergency services, affecting the pediatric and adult population significantly. Patterns of head injury as well as management principles in children are important differences compared to adults. Traumatic brain injury by bull rush is usually seen in adults but has not been described in children-report a pediatric cranial trauma presen...

Given two graphs H1 and H2, a graph is (H1,H2)-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to or H2. Let Pt be the path on t vertices. A bull obtained from triangle with disjoint pendant edges. In this paper, we show that there are finitely many 5-vertex-critical (P5, bull)-free graphs.

2 Vickery, H. B., and Pucher, G. W., J. Biol. Chem., 90, 637 (1931). 3 Vickery, H. B., and Pucher, G. W., Connecticut Agric. Exp. Station, Bull. 352 (in press). 4 Dunbar, P. B., and Bacon, R. F., Ind. and Eng. Chem., 3, 826 (1911). 6 Hartman, B. G., and Hillig, F., J. Assn. Off. Agric. Chemists, 10, 264 (1927); 13, 99 (1930). 6 Vickery, H. B., and Pucher, G. W., Connecticut Agric. Exp. Station,...

We give a polynomial time algorithm that finds the maximum weight stable set in a graph that does not contain an induced path on seven vertices or a bull (the graph with vertices a, b, c, d, e and edges ab, bc, cd, be, ce). With the same arguments with also give a polynomial algorithm for any graph that does not contain S1,2,3 or a bull.

This paper proposes a new tractable approach to solving multi-period asset allocation problems. We assume that investor preferences are deÞned over moments of the terminal wealth distribution such as its skew and kurtosis. Time-variations in investment opportunities are driven by a regime switching process that can capture bull and bear states. We develop analytical methods that only require so...

Existing methods of partitioning the market index into bull and bear regimes do not identify market corrections or bear market rallies. In contrast, our probabilistic model of the return distribution allows for rich and heterogeneous intra-regime dynamics. We focus on the characteristics and dynamics of bear market rallies and bull market corrections, including, for example, the probability of ...

The Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) Problem on graphs with vertex weights asks for a set of pairwise nonadjacent vertices of maximum total weight. Being one of the most investigated and most important problems on graphs, it is well known to be NP-complete and hard to approximate. The complexity of MWIS is open for hole-free graphs (i.e., graphs without induced subgraphs isomorphic to a ch...