ABSTRACT Micronutrients structurally constitute several enzymes and act as a cofactor of essential proteins to maintain cell function, thereby contributing crop growth yield. The objective this study was evaluate the leaf content, growth, accumulation micronutrients, classification yield onion function fertilization with boron, cooper zinc in two years cultivation. experiments were carried out ...

Preservation of remaining structures is a primary goal of prosthetic rehabilitation. Continuously applied stresses on the remaining tissues from a large, heavy obturator jeopardize the health of the tissues, compromise the function of the prosthesis, and affect patient comfort. Various techniques have been described for hollowing the bulb of an obturator after processing to reduce its weight; h...

Rhodes, Apsimon, and Lawrie (1966) have recently measured pH in the duodenal bulb for long periodsl* using two glass electrodes. By this method it is possible to maintain the distal electrode within the duodenal bulb for long periods but its exact position in the bulb cannot be determined. Over short _.... periods of time, however, the electrode can be located accurately by radiological methods...

Phylogenic outline of the vertebrate olfactory system is summarized in the present review. In the fish and the birds, the olfactory system consists only of the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the olfactory bulb (B). In the amphibians, reptiles and mammals, the olfactory system is subdivided into the main olfactory and the vomeronasal olfactory systems, and the former consists of the OE and the ma...

We present a model of a coupled system of the olfactory bulb and cortex. Odor inputs to the epithelium are transformed to oscillatory bulbar activities. The cortex recognizes the odor by resonating to the bulbar oscillating pattern when the amplitude and phase patterns from the bulb match an odor memory stored in the intracortical synapses. We assume a cortical structure which transforms the od...

Association of odor and reward during the early postnatal period modifies rat pup behavioral responses and olfactory bulb neural responses to subsequent presentations of that odor. Recent evidence has shown that olfactory bulb output neurons, mitral/tufted cells, receive convergent odor and reward inputs. The present report demonstrates that contiguous odor-reward pairings prevent mitral/tufted...

It has been shown that mutual lateral inhibition of the projection neurones in the olfactory bulb, mediated by interneurones, serves to tune the representation of odours in the bulb and reduce the overlap between similar odorants. In this paper we demonstrate that the parameters of the lateral interaction, specifically the relation of synaptic strength to cell separation and the effective overa...

This article presents a biologically inspired model capable of removing concentration effects from the multivariate response of a gas sensor array. The model is based on the first stage of lateral inhibition in the olfactory bulb, which is mediated by periglomerular interneurons. To simulate inputs to the olfactory bulb, signals from a chemosensor array are first processed with a self-organizin...

Beam search reduces the memory consumption of bestfirst search at the cost of finding longer paths but its memory consumption can still exceed the given memory capacity quickly. We therefore develop BULB (Beam search Using Limited discrepancy Backtracking), a complete memory-bounded search method that is able to solve more problem instances of large search problems than beam search and does so ...

Perceptual learning is required for olfactory function to adapt appropriately to changing odor environments. We here show that newborn neurons in the olfactory bulb are not only involved in, but necessary for, olfactory perceptual learning. First, the discrimination of perceptually similar odorants improves in mice after repeated exposure to the odorants. Second, this improved discrimination is...