Alternative panel data estimation methods are used to estimate the cointegrating equations for the demand for money (M1) for a panel of 14 Asian countries from 1970-2005. The effects of financial reforms are analyzed with estimates for two sets of sub-samples and two break dates. Our results show that money demand function has been stable and financial reforms are yet to have any significant ef...

This paper develops a Ricardian model with money to study North-South trade that is mediated by the currency of the North. The model shows that an increase in the supply of Northern money results in inflation being “exported” to the South. The increase in the supply of Northern money also has real effects: (1) it transfers real resources from the South to the North, lowers the wage rate in the ...

A theory of money needs a proper place for financial intermediaries. Intermediaries diversify risks and create inside money. In downturns, micro-prudent intermediaries shrink their lending activity, fire-sell assets and supply less inside money, exactly when money demand rises. The resulting Fisher disinflation hurts intermediaries and other borrowers. Shocks are amplified, volatility spikes an...

This paper considers an economy in which the financial system provides intermediary services for founded and unfounded assets. Founded assets have real investments as underlying, the unfounded assets have not. Money is used for real and financial transactions. In particular, the money supplied to the financial system may be used to honor the payoff promises of unfounded assets rather than being...

This paper proposes a model that explains the nonneutrality of money from two welldocumented psychological assumptions. The model incorporates into the general-equilibrium monopolistic-competition framework of Blanchard and Kiyotaki [1987] the psychological assumptions that (1) consumers dislike paying a price that exceeds some “fair” markup on firms’ marginal costs, and (2) consumers do not kn...

Prior to the …nancial crisis mainstream monetary policy practice had become disconnected from money. We outline the basic rationale for this development using a simple model of money and credit in which we explore the conditions under which money matters directly for the conduct of policy. Then, drawing on Goodfriend and McCallum’s (2007) DSGE model, we examine the circumstances under which mon...

This paper is an empirical investigation of money supply shock asymmetry using disaggregated output data covering the 1962:02-1999:11 sample period. A twostep estimation procedure is employed. The first step estimates the positive and negative shocks to M2 money growth. These shocks are then used as independent variables in the second-step estimation for 10 different disaggregated measures of i...

This analysis examines the effectiveness of monetary policy as a contra-cyclical instrument. The survey covers three basic fields of monetary policy. The first part investigates to what extent expansion of the money supply effectively results in the alleged growth effect. The second section studies the effect of monetary expansion on money velocity. The third part investigates the outcome of in...