BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 10% of school-age children. The impulsivity which is seen as its core feature persists over years, yet experimental measures of impulsivity can be altered in a single session. In this study, we tested the theory that both the persistence and the variability of impulsivity could be the result of abnormalities in learning me...

Materials that are strong at progressively higher temperatures are sought for use in aircraft engines, in order that operating temperatures, and thereby efficiency and performance, can be increased. Intermetallic compounds with high melting temperatures have the promise of higher strength and elastic stiffness while hot, but in most cases they suffer from extreme brittleness at room temperature...

I will present a perspective on human-level commonsense behavior (HLCSB) that differs from commonsense reasoning (CSR) as the latter is often characterized in AI. I will argue that HLCSB is not far beyond the reach of current technology, and that it also provides solutions to some of the problems that plague CSR, most notably the brittleness problem. A key is the judicious use of metacognitive ...

We present and analyze an agnostic active learning algorithm that works without keeping a version space. This is unlike all previous approaches where a restricted set of candidate hypotheses is maintained throughout learning, and only hypotheses from this set are ever returned. By avoiding this version space approach, our algorithm sheds the computational burden and brittleness associated with ...

Ferrites and lossy ceramics, used in HOM (higher order mode) loads for superconducting accelerators, have shortcomings such as poor batch-to-batch reproducibility of electromagnetic properties, extremely low electric conductivity at cryogenic temperatures leading to accumulation of charge on the material surface, brittleness, which may cause contamination of the nearby SRF cavities by lossy dus...

PROF. MOHAMMED YUNUS, DR.J. FAZLUR RAHMAN Abstract— Ceramic coated components have the advantage features of both metal and ceramics, i.e. good toughness, high hardness and wear resistance. Despite their outstanding characteristics, ceramic materials are not used in many cases due to high cost of machining. A major draw back to engineering applications of ceramic is due to their brittleness and...

Urban or regional disaster bearing capacity mainly depends on the disaster bearing capacity of lifeline systems. In the analysis of disaster bearing capacity evaluation of lifeline system, we should not only investigate the complexity, balance and reliability of network characteristics, but also consider the relation between each subsystem. A new brittleness entropy of city disaster vulnerabili...

The major efforts in solar energy research are currently directed at developing cost-effective systems for energy conversion and storage. [ 1–3 ] The high cost of materials and preparation methods that are required for the fabrication of inorganic solar cells prevent their widespread deployment. Seeking a low-cost alternative in the form of solution-processable or roll-to-roll printable organic...

Intelligent tutoring systems are no different from other knowledge based systems in that they are often plagued by brittleness. Intelligent tutoring systems for problem solving are typically loaded with problem scenarios for which specific solutions are constructed. Solutions presented by students, are compared against these specific solutions, which often leads to a narrow scope of reasoning, ...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI or brittle bone disease) is a disorder of connective tissues caused by mutations in the collagen genes. We previously showed that intrauterine transplantation of human blood fetal stem/stromal cells in OI mice (oim) resulted in a significant reduction of bone fracture. This work examines the cellular mechanisms and mechanical bone modifications underlying these thera...