Background: One third of epileptic patients are resistant to several anti-epileptic drugs (AED). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter encoded by ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene that excludes drugs from the cells and plays a significant role in AEDs resistance. Over-expression of P-gp could be a result of polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene. We studied the association of...

This study aimed to appraise the chemical features such as total phenol (TP), total flavonoid (TF), total antioxidant capacity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays of bran and grain in 10 genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in Iran. Based on two procedures of DPPH and FRAP, the results demonstrated that in terms of the amount of...

Germination characteristics, early seedling growth and seed metabolic efficiency of four wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 28, BARI 29, BAW 1177 ESWYT 29) were evaluated under 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induced osmotic stress (-3 bar). characteristics (germination rate, co-efficient germination vigor index), shoot root length, dry weight, decreased by PEG than control treatment. But the degree ...

Our objective was to characterize the distribution, diversity and patterns of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Source of data was a database of HCV genotype studies in MENA populated using a series of systematic literature searches. Pooled mean proportions were estimated for each genotype and by country using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-ana...

common bacterial blight (cbb) caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli is a serious disease of bean fields in iran and the world. chemical control of cbb is inefficient, therefore the use of resistant genotypes with stability production is the most suitable alternative. stability and adaptability of 26 bean genotypes yield in the presence and absence of cbb were evaluated in agricultural r...

Being able to calculate an offspring's theoretical genotype is critical in genetic sciences. We the and phenotype of fruit fly offspring. Using product rule, we determine probability for each trait then genotype. In conclusion, 64 different genotypes that are supposed be possible, but only 8 phenotypes possible.

different research groups have extensively studied the associations of cytokine gene polymorphisms in different diseases. the role of cytokines gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (ms), as a chronic immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease, has been previously reported in the various populations. for determining pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms, 100 relapsing remitting multipl...