computers are used everywhere from home to work these days, thus the effects on the visual system will be more noticeable every day. problems associated with computer usage are generally known as the computer vision syndrome (cvs).these problems include eye fatigue, irritation ,redness , blurred vision and dry eye. all of these problems have adverse effects on individuals in the long term and r...

Using Bayesian methods, we re-examine the empirical evidence from Ben-David, Lumsdaine and Pappell (“Unit Roots, Postwar Slowdowns and Long-Run Growth: Evidence from Two Structural Breaks”, Empirical Economics, 28, 2003) regarding structural breaks in the long-run growth path of real output series for a number of OECD countries. Our Bayesian framework allows the number and pattern of structural...

Background: The total yields of direct Single-Strand Breaks (SSBs) and Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) in proton energies varying from 0.1 to 40 MeV were calculated. While other studies in this field have not used protons with energy less than 0.5 MeV, our results show interesting and complicated behavior of these protons. Materials and Methods: The simulation has been done using the Geant4-DNA too...

propranolol (pl), a non-selective beta-blocker, is a cardiovascular drug widely used to treat hypertension. the present study was concerned with assessing the cytogenetic effects of this drug on chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell line. mtt assay was then carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index (ic50) of the drug. the ic50 value of pl was 0.43±0.02 mm. to investigate the clastogenic effect...

We used a mouse model in which sperm DNA damage was induced to understand the relationship of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks to sperm chromatin structure and to the Comet assay. Sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF) produces dsDNA breaks located on the matrix attachment regions, between protamine toroids. In this model, epididymal sperm induced to undergo SCF can religate dsDNA breaks while v...