We report a case of unilateral transient mydriasis and ptosis after botulinum toxin injection applied by a medical doctor for a cosmetic procedure. A 36-year-old nurse was referred to our eye clinic with unilateral mydriasis and ptosis in the right eye 3 days after botulinum toxin injection for a cosmetic procedure. Botulinum toxin was applied to her eye by a doctor at her hospital who was not ...

The number of migraine treatments and our understanding of migraine pathophysiology are both increasing. Newer treatments focus on migraine prevention. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin used primarily to treat diseases associated with increased muscle activity. Recently, BTX was found to have antinociceptive effects that are probably independent of its muscle-relaxant action. Clinica...

INTRODUCTION Previously, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, Calif) was shown to be effective in reducing excessive gingival display in 5 patients with gummy smiles. This study was conducted to determine whether the doses and the primary injection sites used in the pilot study for the correction of gummy smiles provide consistent, statistically significant, and esthetically...

Prevention and treatment of abnormal scarring present a challenge to the medical fraternity. Herein, we report the beneficial effect of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for wound modulation in a case with post‐traumatic lower lid cicatricial ectropion. A 20‐year‐old male patient presented with severe cicatricial ectropion in his left lower lid with a scar going down to his cheek and to the ala of the no...

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BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess whether preoperative trigger-site confirmation using botulinum toxin type A injections significantly improved migraine surgery outcomes. METHODS The medical charts of 335 migraine surgery patients were reviewed. Patients who received stepwise diagnostic botulinum toxin type A injections were placed in the botulinum toxin type A group (n = 245). Pat...

OBJECTIVES Nocturnal bruxism can be managed by botulinum toxin (Botox®) in patients who have not responded to conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) in the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The retrospective study comprised 25 female patients, aged 23-55 years (mean 35.84 ± 8.41 years). All patients received a ...

The tremendous success of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX(R), Allergan Inc.) in the cosmetic arena has acted as a stimulus for the development of other neurotoxins. After more than 2 decades of use, BOTOX(R) has become synonymous with wrinkle reduction and is considered to be the one of the most common non-surgical cosmetic procedures performed worldwide. Because of its vast popularity among pati...

BACKGROUND The injection of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic proposes is a popular procedure, although the interpretation of its effectiveness still poses a challenge. In fact, although the methods that evaluate the efficacy of the treatment are validated and reliable, they are usually based on subjective scales, while an objective and quantitative scale is still needed. OBJECTIVES I propo...

Marine toxins, such as saxitoxin and domoic acid are associated with algae blooms and can bioaccumulate in shell fish which present both health and economic concerns. The ability to detect the presence of toxin is paramount for the administration of the correct supportive care in case of intoxication; environmental monitoring to detect the presence of toxin is also important for prevention of i...