energy method of evaluation is widely employed in analyzing problems associated with sustainable agriculture. in this study, energy ratio (er) of dryland wheat for three regions of eghlid township was quantified. the total cropping area of eghlid is nearly 8282 hectares comprised of: khosrowshirin (5000 ha), sedeh (1682 ha) and dezhkord (1600 ha). the corresponding values of wheat yield in thes...

the aims of this study were about determining of amount of accuracy in tractor-moldboard plow system for tillage operation on paddies and also survey on efficacy of decision support software application on amount of energy use. for this purpose, decision support software was developed by visual basic 6.0. for survey in amount of efficacy of applying the decision support system on paddies tillag...

Few experiments in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States have reported the effect of long-term tillage and tillage intensity on chemical soil quality indicators. The purpose of this study was to determine the 17-year influence of four tillage systems on chemical soil quality indicators in a Benndale fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic, Typic Paleud...

A field experiment was performed in Southwest Germany to examine the effects of long-term reduced tillage (2000–2012). Tillage treatments were deep moldboard plow: DP, 25 cm; double-layer plow; DLP, 15 + 10 cm, shallow moldboard plow: SP, 15 cm and chisel plow: CP, 15 cm, each of them with or without preceding stubble tillage. The mean yields of a typical eight-year crop rotation were 22% lower...

To study Assessing the impact of tillage practices on soil carbon losses dependents it is necessary to describe the temporal variability of soil CO2 emission after tillage. It has been argued that large amounts of CO2 emitted after tillage may serve as an indicator for longer-term changes in soil carbon stocks. Here we present a two-step function model based on soil temperature and soil moistur...

water conveyance through pumping takes a lot of energy and cost and therefore, its application should be accompanied by exact design of pumping station as well as correct positions of pumps and their subsidiary apparatus. sumps are designed for many pumping stations and often face the problems of vortex and irregular flows. therefore an investigation of the general flow pattern in sumps in diff...

Abstract The investigation was conducted in the 2019–2020 agricultural season Al-Thaghr area, north of Basrah Governorate, Iraq (latitude 31.145288N and longitude 47.431334E), clay soil. Two factors were used investigation. first factor three tillage systems (heavy by mouldboard plow, low chisel no-till system). second concentrations biocide Trichozon (4 g m -2 , 2 without adding pesticide). ex...