Midwifery practice is a health service provided to the childbearing families. The discipline aims ensure best possible well-being of child-bearing women and their families lower maternal, perinatal, neonatal morbidities mortalities. It has existed as long human existence. In old days, elderly were key players in provision care during pregnancy, labour, childbirth postpartum. They no formal trai...

This article assesses the impact of untraditional security threats on origin and institutional configuration existing prospective developmental states in Africa. It adopts a case study research methodological approach which interrogates effect internal global formation 21st-century African through presence four state features: Development-Oriented Political Leadership; Presence Pilot Agency; Pr...

Census data from 1991 from Botswana and Namibia were analyzed using the ‘children ever born technique’ to estimate child mortality. The method used is reviewed briefly, with emphasis on aspects not covered by the standard UN reference on mortality estimation, Manual X. The census data appear to be of very high quality for use with the children ever born technique. Between the mid-1970s and the ...

The current paper demonstrates a dichotomy of the growth response to changes in the barter terms of trade, employing as case studies the two African countries, Botswana and Nigeria.Using distributed-lag analysis, the paper finds that the effect of terms of trade on output is positive and negative for the two countries, respectively. I interpret these results as supportive of the ‘resource curse...

This paper examines the experience and interpretations of infertility and sterility in northern Botswana. Specifically it highlights the role of stigma and impression management among Tswana men and women through their narratives and discourse about childbearing and personhood in an era of HIV/AIDS. The paper demonstrates that in a country with one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates in the...

Purpose: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a rare cancer previously seen in elderly men. In Botswana there is an increase in OSSN and pterygia among young HIV-1 infected patients. Factors that determine the course of this cancer have not been characterized. Recent studies identified HPV, EBV, KSHV, HSV-1/2, and CMV in patient samples. We now characterize the microbiome associated with...

COVID-19 poses a huge threat to the tourism industry. Not only is health challenge, but it also socio-economic and ecological emergency. The UNWTO anticipates 20-30% decline in tourist arrivals, blow for sub-Saharan countries whose economies depend on nature-based tourism. Using qualitative document analysis, this paper presents an analysis of interlinkages between tourism, resultant impacts im...

This paper employs a multivariate Granger-causality model to evaluate the causal relationship between external debt, financial development, and investment in Botswana South Africa from 1980–2020. The study includes savings, trade, economic growth as intermittent variables. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach; empirical results reveal that, for both Africa, there ...

Ophthalmic nurses make up 90% of all eye workers in Botswana’s public sector, and they are the only eye professionals being trained inside the country. In 2010, there were 88 ophthalmic nurses working in the public sector. The majority (74) were in primary and secondary care settings where they functioned independently under the supervision of general (non-ophthalmic) facility and department ma...