the objective of our study was to explain the histopathological changes of monodon baculovirus (mbv) in hepatopancreas and midgut tissues of the cultured penaeus vannamei. five-hundred and forty juvenile of p. vannamei with average size of 7.99±0.54 g and 3600 post larvae 10-15 were distributed to 18 glass aquariums (50×50×60cm) with 100l well aerated water per each aquarium as water borne mbv ...

background: needlestick injuries (nsis) are among the most important occupational injuries for health care workers (hcws). in iran, the problem of exposure to contaminated blood among nursing personnels has not well documented. the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of needlestick injuries in population of nurses in shahroud imam hossein hospital, northern iran. methods: a self-ad...

BACKGROUND Tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes are maintained in endemic foci that involve a diversity of small mammals and argasid ticks in the genus Ornithodoros. Most epidemiological studies of tick-borne relapsing fever in West Africa caused by Borrelia crocidurae have been conducted in Senegal. The risk for humans to acquire relapsing fever in Mali is uncertain, as only a few human case...

In Europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in Central Europe are scarce. As a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. In this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ...

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus. It has emerged as an important infectious agent in the recent past, mainly because of its teratogenic effects on the fetus. This review highlights the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this emerging infection.