The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 rewrote the reforestation tax incentives available to private forest owners. Owners can now deduct outright reforestation costs up to $10,000 per year for each qualified timber property and amortize any additional amount over 8 tax years. To assess the economic effect of the new incentives on forest owners, the authors developed spreadsheets to calculate a...

Data on the worldwide distribution of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is limited. A prevalence study of antibodies to BIV and BLV was conducted in six different cattle herds in Brazil. Out of a total of 238 sera analyzed, 11.7% were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies as determined by Western blot analysis, 2.1% were positive for anti-BLV gp51 antibodi...

The RNA packaging process for retroviruses involves a recognition event of the genome-length viral RNA by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor (PrGag), an important step in particle morphogenesis. The mechanism underlying this genome recognition event for most retroviruses is thought to involve an interaction between the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of PrGag and stable RNA secondary structures that ...

169 Summary: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). After infection with BLV there is no detectable viremia but there is a strong and persistent humoral immune response to structural proteins, essentially the gp51 envelope glycoprotein and the major core protein p24. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers used to amplify part of env gene, aga...

Analysis of the association between antibodies against bovine leukemia virus (BLV), BLV proviral load, and white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts was performed with 774 dairy cows. The average age, WBC counts and lymphoid cell counts tended to be higher in BLV antibody-positive cows than in antibody-negative cows. There was a similar trend in levels of proviral DNA. We analyzed age, WBC c...

Of tumor diseases in the global animal husbandry industry, greatest danger is bovine leukemia. Since last century, this neoplastic disease has remained relevant for veterinary medicine and, addition, more and questions arise concerning potential threat of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) humans. The problem being discussed (G.Yu. Kosovskiy et al., 2016) which additionally stimulates both fundamental...

Therelationshipof cullrateto agewasinvestigatedretrospec tively in dairy cows with and without antibodiesto bovineleu kemiavirus(BLV).Bankedserafromeightannualherdtests on one 200-cowherdwere testedfor presenceof BLV antibodies by agar-gelimmunodiffusionusing the M, 51,000glycoprotein antigenof BLV.Age-specificcull rateswerecomputedfor BLVantibody-positiveandantibody-negativecowsyearlyfrom2 to ...

Monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA into bovine genomes was detected in peripheral blood from two clinical cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) without enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A BLV-specific probe hybridized with 1 to 3 EcoRI and HindIII fragments in these 2 atypical EBL cattle by Southern blotting and hybridization, as well as in 3 typical EBL ...

A cohort study was conducted to evaluate the risk of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) transmission to uninfected cattle by adjacent infected cattle in 6 dairy farms. Animals were initially tested in 2010-2011 using a commercial ELISA kit. Uninfected cattle were repeatedly tested every 4 to 6 months until fall of 2012. The Cox proportional hazard model with frailty showed that uninfected cattle neigh...