Evidence for an “RNA world,” an episode of life on Earth during which RNA was the only genetically encoded component of biological catalysts, is found in the ribosome (1), catalytic RNA molecules (2), and contemporary metabolism (3). That RNA could form spontaneously and persist under prebiotic conditions has been doubted, however (4, 5). Ribose and its sister pentoses (arabinose, xylose, and l...

The salt of milk constitutes a small part of milk (8-9 g.L(-1)); this fraction contains calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium for the main cations and inorganic phosphate, citrate and chloride for the main anions. In milk, these ions are more or less associated between themselves and with proteins. Depending on the type of ion, they are diffusible (cases of sodium, potassium and chloride) or...

Mdssbauer parameters are reported for the phosphate minerals triplite, zwieselite, triploidite, and wolfeite. Analysis of the absorption data confirms the existence of non-equivalent ferrous ions. The broadening of the resonance peaks is rationalized on the basis of a microscopic disorder due to half-occupied fluorine sites in the fluoride minerals and to sets of closelv related metal sites in ...

The trace mineral nutrition of grazing cattle is complicated by several factors among which are the impacts of trace mineral antagonists in grazed forage and the reliance on predictable, uniform intake of free-choice mineral supplements. Numerous options are available to assist in the management of trace mineral nutrition of grazing cattle. In recent years, significant research efforts have bee...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the characteristics of US children who are dietary supplement users. OBJECTIVE We described the prevalence and predictors of and reasons for giving children dietary supplements. DESIGN The study included children <18 y of age who participated in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine supplement of the National Health Interview Survey of 2007 whose proxie...

Requirements have been published for 13 different minerals in beef cattle diets. Other minerals such as chlorine, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel are known to be essential for beef cattle; however, there is currently not enough data available to accurately determine requirements. For some of the required minerals, requirements vary depending on cow size and stage of production. This variabilit...

Identification of clay minerals based on chemometric analysis of measured infrared (IR) spectra was suggested. IR spectra were collected using the diffuse reflection technique. Discriminant analysis and principal component analysis were used as chemometric methods. Four statistical models were created for separation and identification of clay minerals. More than 50 samples of various clay miner...

in this study, chemical composition, fatty acid (fa) profile and oil characteristics of seeds of salvia leriifolia benht collected from different regions of iran. all samples were rich in oil (24-28.5% dry weight basis), protein (24.5-28.5%) and crude fiber (13.1-16.6%). the mean values for ca, p, k, mg, fe, mn, cu, na and zn were found at the levels of 3866, 2970, 3141, 2584, 57, 18.5, 9.0, 10...

Substituting fishmeal (FM) with vegetable meal (VM) can markedly affect the mineral composition of feeds, and may require additional mineral supplementation. Their bioavailability and optimal supplementation levels depend also on the form of delivery of minerals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different delivery forms of three major trace elements (Zn, Mn and Se) in a marin...

Milk and blood serum from clinically mastitis infected, subclinically mastitis infected and healthy Friesian cows (15 samples from each of 3 groups) were evaluated for macrominerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus). The milk from cows infected with subclinical mastitis revealed a significant decrease in potassium (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in sodium and phospho...