Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency usually show pronounced impairment of aldosterone secretion and, therefore, require also mineralocorticoid replacement for full recovery. Clinical signs of mineralocorticoid deficiency comprise hypotension, weakness, salt craving and electrolyte disturbances (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia). Mineralocorticoid deficiency is confirmed by demonstration of pr...

A 35-year-old man presented with recurrent lower extremity weakness associated with polyuria later progressing to generalised weakness with difficulty in breathing. The patient was hypotensive and dry, with normal thyroid and chest examination, weak lower extremity and carpopedal spasm. Workup revealed hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypochloraemia and hypophosphata...

PURPOSE The treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), including guidelines for correcting specific electrolyte disorders, is reviewed. SUMMARY Electrolytes are involved in many metabolic and homeostatic functions. Electrolyte disorders are common in adult patients in the ICU and have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as has th...

Nutrition and fluid and electrolyte balance are inextricably linked through ingestion, digestion, absorption and intermediary metabolism. Studies are described showing that man's physiological capacity to excrete excess salt and water is limited under normal conditions; it is further reduced by starvation and injury, so that patients are easily overloaded, resulting in increased complications o...

To explore the effects of decreased amounts or absence of aldosterone, we have disrupted the gene coding for aldosterone synthase (AS) in mice and investigated blood pressure and kidney function in AS+/+, AS+/-, and AS-/- mice. AS+/- mice have normal blood pressures and show no abnormalities in electrolytes or kidney gene expression, but they have significantly higher than normal urine volume a...

this experiment was carried out for a period of 4 weeks with 240 day old straight- run broiler (cobb-500) chicks to investigate the effects of administering electrolytes in drinking water on the productive performance (live weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and water consumption) and to determine the economic impact of using electrolytes. the chicks were randomly distr...

hypertonic solutions play an important role in the treatment of tissue edema. following the induction of experimental vasogenic brain edema by occlusion of the common carotid arteries in eight rabbits, the effect of hypertonic lactated ringer's solution (subjects), vs. isotonic lactated ringer's solution (control), was studied on blood pressure, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, and cal...

We report a robust strategy for amino acid profiling method based on capillary electrophoresiselectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) that offers a convenient platform for the direct analysis of underivatized amino acids from dried blood spot without any chemical derivatization. Sample preparation steps were simplified without derivatization. The analytical conditions with respect...

Renin is the rate limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin (RA) system that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. In this study, we investigated the renin inhibitory effect of a royal jelly (RJ)-derived peptide. A dipeptide YY was isolated from the digested fraction of RJ proteins by proteases and was found to inhibit human renin activity. The inhibition constant (Ki) of YY was esti...