in this paper, we try and valuate preemption rights by modifying the black-scholes model, which is widely used to valuate options and other derivatives. here we first present the basics of the black-scholes model and then we discus modification of the model to be fit for preemption right valuation. at the end, we valuate four of the preemptive rights using the proposed model

abstract in order to study the effect of density and time of nitrogen application on morphological, phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of black cumin (nigella sativa l) a field experiment was conducted at chenaran in khorasan razavi province in 2005 growing season. three nitrogen fertilizer (urea) application times (1- control 2- at 4-6 leaves stage 3-preblooming 4-complet...

backgrounds and objective: kombucha is a several thousand years old traditional fermented beverage originated from east. while black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha, other herbal infusions can be applied for this reason too. common medicinal herbs or even waste herbal materials, like banana peel, could be suitable substrates for preparing kombucha analogues. in this ...

black leg has been reported in a variety of animals, but is ofthe most importance in cattle and sheep. a20 days old holsteindairy calf was examined because of anorexia and lameness from2 days ago. the calf was depressed, tachypneic, tachycardic, andhad a body temperature of 38.5ºc. both hind limbs proximal tothe tarsal joint were markedly swollen, firm and painful. nocrepitation was noted on pa...

black bengal goat is the heritage and one of the potential genetic resources of bangladesh. least-squares means for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 1.09, 5.12, 8.02, 10.92 and 14.47 kg, respectively. sex of the kid has significant (p

aretaeus of cappadokia, lived in an era when cancer was already a disease, well known for its deadly outcome. inside his momentous treatise, composed of 8 books, he had outlined various types of cancer. he had understood cancer’s fatality and proposed some curative treatments. our manuscript composes the fragments related to cancer, in an effort to present aretaeus’ views on the matter.  he had...

the effect of european black alder (alnus glutinosa l.) on the contents of carbon and nitrogen,exchangeable base cations, and plant available forms of phosphorus in the reclaimed mine soils formed bywaste deposition from opencast lignite mines was researched in central serbia. it was concluded that thegreatest part of dead organic residues reaching the soil under european black alder monocultur...

abstract: tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world and contains several important essential micro nutrients, that are beneficial to human health. the contamination of tea leaves by heavy metals may pose serious problems to human health, because they are not biodegradable and remain in the environment and might enter the food chain. in this study, the concentration of heavy metals; ...

one of the most important stages in sugar industry that making wastewater and contamination is the water obtained to washing of co2 in mazoot furnace and related pumps. amount of water consumption in this stage is about 30 to 35 percent of weight of sugar beet, so amount of this stream is considerable. mixing of carbon black and water compose the colloid in liquid phase. these colloids do not s...

many species of tea (camellia sinensis) and cowslip (echium amoenum) are used in iranian traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. a macrophage infection model with legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...