Setubal was a fishing and garrison town to the south of Lisbon which from the early sixteenth century was heavily dependent on the production of salt in the Sado estuary. Prosperous families of the town often made pious bequests in the form of salt works so the churches and confraternities also became dependent on the fortunes of the salt trade. This interdependence of salt and piety allows Abr...

The classical models of epidemics dynamics by Ross and McKendrick have to be revisited in order to incorporate elements coming from the demography (fecundity, mortality and migration) both of host and vector populations and from the diffusion and mutation of infectious agents. The classical approach is indeed dealing with populations supposed to be constant during the epidemic wave, but the pre...

T he study of ancient pathogens from human remains is as fascinating as it is essential for our understanding of past epidemics and human health through the centuries. However, ancient pathogens, such as Yersinia pestis (plague, Black Death) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis), often do not leave unambiguous pathological lesions in the skeletal remains of their victims. Thus, it is not...

background : the word death has been brought in several verses of quran. the purpose of this study is to discuss and compare similarities and differences between quran’s and forensics’ perspective in terms of death. methods: the present study is carried out by library studies on multiple interpretations of quran, interpretation of juridical references and comparing them with current forensics k...

‘Historically’, the novelist Arundhati Roy (2020) notes, ‘pandemics have forced humans to break with past and imagine their world anew.’ Indeed, pandemics such as ‘Black Death’ or ...

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is thought to colonize corpses 20-30 days postmortem. However, recent observations indicate this might not be true for all cases. Therefore, we conducted a study examining colonization by the black soldier fly and other Diptera on pig carrion in a plowed field in southern Georgia from 20 September through 21 February. Our data indicate black soldie...

KEY FINDINGS The Hispanic population in the United States has lower overall mortality and higher life expectancy at birth than the non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black populations. The expectation has been that the Hispanic population should exhibit a mortality profile that is similar to that of the non-Hispanic black population, not one that is advantaged relative to the non-Hispanic whit...

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this article is to raise awareness regarding the systemic issues contributing disproportionate death rates Black women during child birthing process. Background: Understanding how are at risk dying childbirth, adresses outside factors in order expand discourse related topic. Methodology: Data was collected through available archival data, medical experiments and stud...

BACKGROUND Posttransplant survival in heart transplant recipients has progressively improved during the past 2 decades. It is unknown, however, whether the major racial groups in the United States have benefited equally. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed all primary heart transplant recipients aged ≥18 years in the United States from 1987 to 2008. We compared posttransplant survival in white, b...

Racial disparities in health are well-documented and represent a significant public health concern in the US. Racism-related factors contribute to poorer health and higher mortality rates among Blacks compared to other racial groups. However, methods to measure racism and monitor its associations with health at the population-level have remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the utili...