Bile acids make up a group of sterol-derived compounds that act as detergents in the intestine to facilitate the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble molecules. In mammalian species, the cholesterol side chain is trimmed to yield C24-sterol derivatives. In other vertebrate species, the hydroxylation of the side chain does not lead to its removal and the products of the biosynthetic ...

Bile possesses antibacterial activity because bile salts disrupt membranes, denature proteins, and damage DNA. This study describes mechanisms employed by the bacterium Salmonella enterica to survive bile. Sublethal concentrations of the bile salt sodium deoxycholate (DOC) adapt Salmonella to survive lethal concentrations of bile. Adaptation seems to be associated to multiple changes in gene ex...

Bile salts and phospholipids are both required to solubilize biliary cholesterol. Since interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) depletes bile of bile salts, we have examined in the rhesus monkey the effects of controlled interruption of the EHC on biliary secretion of bile salt, phospholipid, and cholesterol and on the relative proportions of these components in bile. Immediately af...

We investigated the effect of ileal bile acid transport on the regulation of classic and alternative bile acid synthesis in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits. Bile acid pool sizes, fecal bile acid outputs (synthesis rates), and the activities of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (classic bile acid synthesis) and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (alternative bile acid synthesis) were related to ileal bile...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to analyze national and institutional trends in shoulder arthroplasty utilization by race. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was analyzed to determine racial trends in shoulder arthroplasty utilization nationally. An institutional database was then utilized to retrospectively identify all patients undergoing shoulder arthr...

mediciNe & HealtH/RHode iSlaNd the long-term objeCtIve of our reSearCh program is to understand how bile acid homeostasis is regulated in physiological as well as pathological conditions, with a focus on the transcriptional regulation of the bile salt export pump (BSEP). As one of the major constituents of bile, bile acids were once considered bodily waste with no useful functions. Now it is we...

Mutations in ATP8B1, a broadly expressed P-type ATPase, result, through unknown mechanisms, in disorders of bile secretion. These disorders vary in severity from mild and episodic to progressive with liver failure. We generated Atp8b1G308V/G308V mutant mice, which carry a mutation orthologous to that present in homozygous form in patients from the Amish index kindred for severe ATP8B1 disease. ...

BACKGROUND Cholesterol metabolism may be involved in pediatric gallstone disease. We aimed to reveal cholesterol metabolites and phytosterols and their relation to stone composition of sterols in children having black pigment and cholesterol stones. METHODS We performed retrospective controlled clinical study, in which we examined parameters of cholesterol metabolism and liver function values...

lactobacillus strains are a major part of the probiotics, microflora of the intestine and of fermented dairy products, and are found in a variety of environments. the aim of this study was to find out the ability of bile and acid tolerance and antibacterial properties of the twenty eight isolates of three group lactobacilli namely lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus d...

black humor plays a crucial role in fulfilling langston hughes's anti-racist purposes as an integral notionin his poetry. accordingly, translation(s) of his poetry are to benefit from the same indexes onthe basis of equivalent effect principle. on this account, 33 black-humor-rich poems of hughes, translatedby ahmad shamloo, yaghma golruee and hassan fayyad, were selected to be analyzed contras...